In this paper, we consider a supply chain model consisting of a single product, one supplier and multiple retailers. Demand at the retailers is random, but stationary. Each retailer places her orders to the supplier according to the well known (Q,R) policy. We assume that the supplier has on-line information about the demand as well as inventory activities of the product at each retailer and em...

This paper deals with an inventory system with one central warehouse and a number of identical retailers. We consider perishable-on-theshelf items; that is, all items have a fixed shelf life and start to age on their arrival at the retailers. Each retailer faces Poisson demand and employs (1, T) inventory policy. Although demand not met at a retailer is lost, the unsatisfied demand at the centr...

in this paper, a supplier-retailer transportation system is investigated as a two-echelon environment. there is a single location in each echelon; the unique supplier at the first echelon has to replenish the retailer's warehouse at the second echelon. by the way, the shortage situation should be avoided. for this situation, a model is provided based on the traditional eoq model. the inven...

This article addresses the development of an integrated supplier selection and inventory control problems in supply chain management by developing a mathematical model for a multi-echelon system. In particular, a buyer firm that consists of one warehouse and N identical retailers wants to procure a product from a group of potential suppliers, which may require different price, ordering cost, le...

Trade credit is a crucial source of capital particularly for small businesses with limited financing opportunities. Inventory models considering trade have been widely studied. However, while there extensive research on the single-vendor single-buyer inventory model allowing delays in payments, systems where vendor supplies to more than one buyer received less attention. In this paper, we analy...

This paper examines the cost-reduction effect of “postponed” routing decisions in a two-echelon supply chain. When a delivery vehicle leaves the warehouse with system replenishment quantities, it sequentially makes routing decisions to choose the next retailer to visit. To measure this effect this paper studies combined vehicle routing and inventoryallocation policies designed to minimize total...

Devising manufacturing/distribution strategies for supply chains and determining their parameter values have been challenging problems. Linking production management to stock keeping processes improves the planning of the supply chain activities, including material management, culminating in improved customer service levels. In this study, we investigate a multi-echelon supply chain consisting ...

Previous researchers have developed ways of managing forward-oriented supply chains, and gave insight to solve single-stage inventory systems. In this study, we analyze an inventory system with traditional forward-oriented material flow as well as a reverse material flow supply chain. In the reverse material flow, the used products are returned, remanufactured and shipped to the retailer for re...

In many production=distribution systems, materials !ow from one stage to another in %xed lot sizes. For example, a retailer orders a full truckload from a manufacturer to qualify for a quantity discount; a factory has a material handling system that moves full containers of parts from one production stage to the next. In this paper, we derive optimal policies for multi-stage serial and assembly...