Transportation in economic systems such as services, production and distribution enjoys a special and important position and provides a significant portion of the country's gross domestic product. Improvements in transportation system mean improvements in the traveling routes and the elimination of unnecessary distances in any system. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the practical co...

In this paper, we study novel variants of the well-known two-echelon vehicle routing problem in which a truck works on first echelon to transport parcels and fleet drones intermediate depots while second echelon, are used deliver from customers. The objective is minimize completion time instead transportation cost as classical problems. Depending context, drone can be launched at an depot once ...

In this paper, a new approach to risk minimizing vehicle routing and scheduling problem is presented. Forwarding agents or companies have two main concerns for the collection of high-risk commodities like cash or valuable commodities between the central depot and the customers: one; because of the high value of the commodities transported, the risk of ambush and robbery are very high. Two; the ...

This research introduces a new variant of the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2EVRP) called with transshipment nodes and occasional drivers (2EVRP-TN-OD). In addition to city freighters in second-echelon network, set (ODs) is available serve customers. ODs are basis crowd-shipping system which crowds planned trips willing take detours deliver packages exchange for some compensation. To cus...

vehicle routing problem (vrp) is one of the major problems in the transportation and distribution planning. in the most previous studies, the objective of vrp models was distance and vehicle related costs. however in many industrial cases along with routing distance, vehicle loading amount is a factor of cost function. in this paper, we formulate a mixed integer non-linear programming (minlp) m...

The paper aims to investigate the basin of attraction map a complex Vehicle Routing Problem with random walk analysis. (VRP) is common discrete optimization problem in field logistics. In case base VRP, positions one single depot and many customers (which have product demands) are given. vehicles their capacity limits also fixed system objective function minimization length route. literature, a...

A vehicle routing problem is a significant problem that has attracted great attention from researchers in recent years. The main objectives of the vehicle routing problem are to minimize the traveled distance, total traveling time, number of vehicles and cost function of transportation. Reducing these variables leads to decreasing the total cost and increasing the driver's satisfaction level. O...