Using full-population register data from Denmark, this study shows that estimates of the economic gradient in mortality depends on the specific measure of economic resources used, where we investigate permanent income, annual income or financial and housing wealth. Our favorite measure is what we call ’Permanent income’, that is the average level of income over a long interval. We find that whe...

The central theme of this paper is the character and causes of long-term changes in the personal distribution of income. Does inequality in the distribution of income increase or decrease in the course of a country's economic growth? What factors determine the secular level and trends of income inequalities? These are broad questions in a field of study that has been plagued by looseness in def...

This paper develops a model of economic growth and activity locating endogenously on a 3dimensional featureless global geography. The same economic forces influence simultaneously growth, convergence, and spatial agglomeration and clustering. Economic activity is not concentrated on discrete isolated points but instead a dynamically-fluctuating, smooth spatial distribution. Spatial inequality i...

This study explores the consequences and origins of between-ethnicity economic inequality across countries. First, combining satellite images of nighttime luminosity with the historical homelands of ethnolinguistic groups we construct measures of ethnic inequality for a large sample of countries. We also compile proxies of overall spatial inequality and regional inequality across administrative...

This paper analyzes data from the 2005 population mini-census and prefecture-level statistics to investigate the trend in gender earnings inequality and the driving forces behind the trend in reform-era urban China. We pay special attention to the different impacts of marketization and economic development on gender earnings inequality. Cross-sectoral analyses show that the gender earnings gap ...

The author refers to the social, economic, individual, and collective dimensions of the relationship between health and disease. He considers that individuals and populations are not equally exposed to protective and risk factors. He highlights the uneven development between nations and Brazilian regions, and communities, as well as discussing the relationship between development, wealth, healt...

Human activity is causing high rates of biodiversity loss. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the extent to which socioeconomic factors exacerbate or ameliorate our impacts on biological diversity. One such factor, economic inequality, has been shown to affect public health, and has been linked to environmental problems in general. We tested how strongly economic inequality is related to b...

Nowhere is this separation greater than in representative agent models, which have been one of the dominant paradigms for studying business cycles, economic growth, and other macroeconomic phenomena. Not only do these models preclude us from studying the relationship between distribution and efficiency, but they also can be deeply misleading in the way they lead us to assess efficiency. Conside...

Nepal has undergone enormous economic and political changes during the past two decades. Data suggest large and increasing economic inequality after the mid 1990s with income from house rental, employment, businesses, and remittances as well as the stock of wealth in real estate and businesses constituting the leading sources. Considerable disparities existed by castes/ethnicities and spatial d...