Crossed fused ectopic kidney is an unusual congenital malformation of the urinary tract. This condition is usually identified in the autopsy specimen rather than in general clinical scenario. In this condition, both kidneys are located on one side of the midline and are fused with each other. This condition is generally asymptomatic and usually diagnosed as incidental finding. We came across a ...

Anomalies of renal vasculature combined with ectopic kidneys were found on a multi-detector CT scan. Knowledge of renal vascular variation is very important for surgical exploration, radiologic intervention and staging for urologic cancer. We present an extremely rare case of a right circumaortic renal vein combined with a right ectopic kidney. The right kidney was located at the level between ...

We present a case of an ectopic renal tumor in a 61-year-old morbidly obese man with a pelvic kidney found after presenting with hematuria and irritative voiding symptoms. The mass, along with the ectopic kidney and ureter, was radically resected through an open operation that involved removing both them and the renal vessels from the underlying iliac vessels. Pathological analysis demonstrated...

A 24-year-old male was found to have recurrent epididymitis secondary to ectopic ureteral insertion to the seminal vesicle. His ipsilateral kidney was atrophic and ectopic in the pelvis, suggesting a complex failure of embryological development. He was successfully treated with robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.

Metanephric kidney induction critically depends on mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the caudal region of the nephric (or Wolffian) duct. Central to this process, GDNF secreted from the metanephric mesenchyme induces ureter budding by activating the Ret receptor expressed in the nephric duct epithelium. A failure to regulate this pathway is believed to be responsible for a large proportion...

The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. Incontinence may be continuous (Fig. 4, page 11) or intermittent and even when both ureters are ectopic (bilateral ectopic ureter,), the dog can usually still pass a normal stream of urine, despite the copious leakage at other times. Diagnosis is by contrast radiography (special x-ray studies discussed in more detail in the section Ho...