The integral QHE for Schrödinger electrons (particles described by a Schrödinger operator) in strong magnetic fields results in quantisation of conductance. It is well-known by now that the remarkable stability of this effect can be traced back to its topological nature: the conductance is given by the Chern number of an adiabatic connection. We describe a QHE for Dirac fermions (particles desc...

Let $G= (V,E)$ be a $(p,q)$-graph. A bijection $f: Eto{1,2,3,ldots,q }$ is called an edge-prime labeling if for each edge $uv$ in $E$, we have $GCD(f^+(u),f^+(v))=1$ where $f^+(u) = sum_{uwin E} f(uw)$. Moreover, a bijection $f: Eto{1,2,3,ldots,q }$ is called a semi-edge-prime labeling if for each edge $uv$ in $E$, we have $GCD(f^+(u),f^+(v))=1$ or $f^+(u)=f^+(v)$. A graph that admits an  ...

One of the most fundamental features of digital image and the basic steps in image processing, analysis, pattern recognition and computer vision is the edge of an image where the preciseness and reliability of its results will affect directly on the comprehension machine system made objective world. Several edge detectors have been developed in the past decades, although no single edge detector...

objective: introduction of fiber-reinforced composites (frc) greatly enhanced the restoration of fractured anterior teeth. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of fiber reinforcement on fracture resistance of incisal edge composite restorations of variable thicknesses. methods: forty extracted sound human maxillary incisors were divided into four groups of 10. incisal reduction wa...