Shearing stress of wheat stalk was measured for four moisture content levels (15, 25, 35 and 45%, w.b.), three cutting heights (100, 200 and 300 mm), two types of cutting knives, smooth and serrated edge and three blades oblique angle (0, 15 and 30 deg.). The results of data analysis showed that the shearing stress of wheat stems decreased as the moisture content decreased. The shearing force o...

In this paper a novel method for computing the radiation pattern and also the input impedance of a planar rectangular micro-strip antenna array with consideration of mutual coupling and mutual impedance is presented. Each two triangles with a common edge make an Edge element or RWG. Any such edge element is considered as an infinitesimal dipole. The electrical currents over each dipole can be c...

Forest fragmentation is a ubiquitous, ongoing global phenomenon with profound impacts on the growing conditions of the world's remaining forest. The temperate broadleaf forest makes a large contribution to the global terrestrial carbon sink but is also the most heavily fragmented forest biome in the world. We use field measurements and geospatial analyses to characterize carbon dynamics in temp...

Boundary detection is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, boundary detection is difficult as it involves integrating multiple cues (intensity, color, texture) as well as trying to incorporate object class or scene level descriptions to mitigate the ambiguity of the local signal. In this paper we investigate incorporating a priori information into boundary detection. We learn a pr...

In the present paper, bending and stress analyses of two-directional functionally graded (FG) circular plates resting on non-uniform two-parameter foundations (Winkler-Pasternak foundations) are investigated using a first-order shear-deformation theory. To enhance the accuracy of the results, the transverse stress components are derived based on the three dimensional theory of elasticity. The s...

Foreign object damage (FOD) occurs when hard, millimeter-sized objects such as gravel or sand and even the pieces of the engine components are ingested into aircraft jet engines. Particles impacting blades produce small indentation craters which can become sites for fatigue crack initiation, severely limiting the lifetime of the blade. In this study, the impact on the edge of a thin plate is in...

We have performed first-principles calculations of graphene edge stresses, which display two interesting quantum manifestations absent from the classical interpretation: the armchair edge stress oscillates with a nanoribbon width, and the zigzag edge stress is noticeably reduced by spin polarization. Such quantum stress effects in turn manifest in mechanical edge twisting and warping instabilit...