Polarizer-free high contrast-ratio organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are explored with a structure involving a semi-reflective Cr-based bottom electrode and a dielectric-capped thin Ag top electrode. Their efficiency is shown to be improved significantly with little sacrifice in luminous reflectance by adopting low-refractive-index injection layers that can increase the effective reflectanc...

Negative Refractive Index Materials Victor Veselago,1 Leonid Braginsky,2 Valery Shklover,3 and Christian Hafner4 ∗ 1Laboratory of Magnetic Materials, A. M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Semiconductors’ Physics, 13 Lavrent’eva Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 3Laboratory of Crystallography, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland 4L...

The effective refractive index as a function of vacuum wavelength is approximated by Lagrange interpolation polynomials. The rms value of the chromatic dispersion is then calculated analytically. Itis demonstrated that use of fourth-degree polynomials is far more efficient than the use of second-degree polynomials. The rms value of the chromatic dispersion over the wavelength range (1.25 µm, 1....

Refractive index (RI) is a complex number comprising a real refractive index and an imaginary part: the absorption (or extinction) coefficient. The analysis of refractive index by the Surfoptic Imaging Reflectometer yields an approximation to the real part of the refractive index. The well established technique of ellipsometry, by contrast, can determine both the real refractive index and the e...