BACKGROUND To determine the cost-effectiveness of strategies of preferred antibiotic treatment with beta-lactam/macrolide combination or fluoroquinolone monotherapy compared to beta-lactam monotherapy. METHODS Costs and effects were estimated using data from a cluster-randomized cross-over trial of antibiotic treatment strategies, primarily from the reduced third payer perspective (i.e. hospi...

Over the last decades, urban agriculture (UA) and controlled environmental (CEA) have been growing in many areas of world to supply fresh food locally provide multiple benefits for sustainable development landscapes. Municipal policies regulatory tools are increasingly employed support UA/CEA minimize practical challenges. However, especially Europe, there is a lack systematic reviews that eval...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) represents the most important tool in the health economics literature to quantify and qualify the reasoning behind the optimal decision process in terms of the allocation of resources to a given health intervention. However, the practical application of CEA in the regulatory process is often limited by some critical barriers, and decisions in clinical practice ...

Nord (2011) criticizes standard arguments which assert that consistency requires that future health benefits must be discounted at the same rate as future costs in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). He suggests these arguments are misguided because they require transitivity of preferences across decision contexts and that it can be appropriate to discount health at different rates depending on ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) demonstrated similar rates of the primary composite end point between carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA), although the risk of stroke was higher with CAS, and the risk of myocardial infarction was higher with CEA. Given the large number of patients who are candidates for...

OBJECTIVE Carotid Angioplasty combined with Stenting (CAS) is increasingly performed because of its presumed benefits. A study was performed to identify key factors that determine the cost-effectiveness as compared to conventional carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS The incremental cost-effectiveness of CAS over CEA for different scenarios was estimated using a modeling approach. Treatment ...

Advances in molecular biology and immunology have renewed interest in the development of vaccines for the treatment or prevention of cancer. Research over the past 10 years has focused on the identification of suitable tumour antigens to use as targets for a variety of vaccine strategies. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was one of the first tumour antigens described, and is commonly expressed by...

The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) is the method most commonly used for the assessment of the costs and effectiveness of alternative policy options on the environment. The objective of this paper is to describe the priority of the policy area “coastal water pollution control from land uses, in catchment area” in the frame of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). The evaluation of rel...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used increasingly in medicine to determine whether the health benefit of an intervention worth economic cost. Discrete event simulation (DES) playing increasing role CEA thanks several advantages, such as possibility modeling time and heterogeneous populations. It usually implemented with general-purpose programming languages or commercial software packages....

Compared with traditional animal methods for toxicity testing, in vitro and in silico methods are widely considered to permit a more cost-effective assessment of chemicals. However, how to assess the cost-effectiveness of alternative methods has remained unclear. This paper offers a user-oriented tutorial for applying cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to alternative (non-animal) methods. The pu...