The 28 Eurasian species of Xyela Dalman, 1819 are revised based on material of ca 7,500 imagines including about 10 % reared specimens. Larvae of Eurasian Xyela usually are monophagous and feed inside the staminate cones of pines (Pinus spp., Pinaceae). Based on the reared material, on identification by barcoding and on additional collection observations, the larval host associations for the Xy...

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) harbor a segmented RNA genome that is organized into eight distinct viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes. Although a segmented genome may be a major advantage to adapt to new host environments, it comes at the cost of a highly sophisticated genome packaging mechanism. Newly synthesized vRNPs conquer the cellular endosomal recycling machinery to access the viral bu...

Good programming practice and guidelines suggest that programmers use both vertical and horizontal spacing to visibly delineate between code segments that represent different algorithmic steps or high level actions. Unfortunately, programmers do not always follow these guidelines. Editors and IDEs can easily indent code based on syntax, but they do not currently support automatic blank line ins...

In this paper, local-thickened plates are adopted for aluminum alloy square cups stamping with relatively low values of residual stresses and small radius at the bottom corner. By utilizing numerical experimental methods, effects process parameters plate local thickening on stress distribution hot stamped studied. Furthermore, influence corner is also investigated. The results showed that an in...

In this study, a numerical/experimental analysis is proposed to investigate the possibility of reshaping sheet metal-based End-of-Life (EoL) components using Hydroforming (SHF). Returned EoL are challenging be reformed, they usually characterised by high heterogeneity as there localised thinning areas (caused original forming processes), and overall formability reduced with respect flat materia...

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the various factors affecting micro-forming and parameters involved in manufacturing micro-parts. To ensure minimal wear tear error-free products, it is important to optimize both process framework. The aims highlight importance metal technology designing highly precise micro metallic devices, biodegradable implants, micro-pumps, gears. Thr...

The relative root mean squared errors (RMSE) of nonparametric methods for spectral estimation is compared for microwave scattering data of plasma fluctuations. These methods reduce the variance of the periodogram estimate by averaging the spectrum over a frequency bandwidth. As the bandwidth increases, the variance decreases, but the bias error increases. The plasma spectra vary by over four or...