A salt metathesis reaction is a chemical process involving the exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species, which results in the creation of products with similar or identical bonding affiliations. Hyperstructure theory is studied from the theoretical point of view and for its applications. In this paper, we provide some examples of hyperstructures associated with salt m...

One from classical constructions of algebraic binary hyperstructures (semihypergroups and hypergroups) from ordered algebraic systems is based on a certain Lemma on principal ends generated by products of pairs of elements – shortly termed as Ends-Lemma. First version of this auxiliary lemma was obtained in the monography [3]. The mentioned lemma is applied not only in case of hyperstructures c...

Autism is considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects boys more than girls, in a proportion 4:1 respectively. Autism presents neuroanatomical abnormalities located in the frontal cortex, the amygdala and the cerebellum. Autistic cerebellar postmortem studies have revealed a reduced number of Purkinje cells as well as a reduced Purkinje cell size when compared with non-autistic sub...

The 1997-98 El Nino was, by some measures, the strongest on record, with major climatic impacts felt around the world. A newly completed tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean observing system documented this El Nino from its rapid onset to its sudden demise in greater detail than was ever before possible. The unprecedented measurements challenge existing theories about El Nino-related climate swing...

‎In this paper first we define the morphism between geometric spaces in two different types‎. ‎We construct two categories of $uu$ and $l$ from geometric spaces then investigate some properties of the two categories‎, ‎for instance $uu$ is topological‎. ‎The relation between hypergroups and geometric spaces is studied‎. ‎By constructing the category $qh$ of $H_{v}$-groups we answer the question...

Chromosome separation and segregation must be executed within a bacterial cell in which the membrane and cytoplasm are highly structured. Here, we develop a strand-specific model based on each of the future daughter chromosomes being associated with a different set of structures or hyperstructures in an asymmetric cell. The essence of the segregation mechanism is that the genes on the same stra...

Hyperstructures and binary relations have been studied by many researchers, for instance, Chvalina 1, 2 , Corsini and Leoreanu 3 , Feng 4 , Hort 5 , Rosenberg 6 , Spartalis 7 , and so on. A partial hypergroupoid 〈H, ∗〉 is a nonempty setH with a function fromH×H to the set of subsets of H. A hypergroupoid is a nonempty set H, endowed with a hyperoperation, that is, a function fromH ×H to P H , t...