BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia need continuous elective medical care which includes psychiatric treatment, antipsychotic medication and somatic health care. The objective of this study is to assess whether continuous elective psychiatric is associated with less health care costs due to less inpatient treatment. METHODS Data concerning antipsychotic medication and psychiatric and somat...

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renal dysfunction is a risk marker in patients who candidate for coronary artery bypass graft (cabg). renal disorder is associated with prolonged stays in intensive care unit and hospital, morbidity and mortality. aim of this study is specific evaluation of association between preoperative creatinine (cr) with atrial fibrillation (af) after elective off-pump cabg in non-diabetic male patients w...

In 1985, the Journal published an article advocating elective cesarean delivery. 1 Although it was provocative, the article had little effect on obstetrical standards. At that time, most efforts within the discipline were focused on arresting the escalation of the rate of cesarean deliveries, 2 which had increased sharply during the preceding decade. Thus, despite that article, the rate of cesa...

We have additional fi ndings regarding our study in CHEST (May 2013) 1 of gastric-to-pulmonary aspiration in adult surgical patients undergoing elective intubation. Th e original study used an enzymatic assay for identifi cation of pepsin A. Since publication, our group has validated an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for pepsin A, which we subsequently used to analyze the same airway...

BACKGROUND Although acute hospitals offer a twenty-four hour seven day a week service levels of staffing are lower over the weekends and some health care processes may be less readily available over the weekend. Whilst it is thought that emergency admission to hospital on the weekend is associated with an increased risk of death, the extent to which this applies to elective admissions is less w...

The aim of the study was to evaluate if the elective single embryo transfer (eSET) strategy could maintain the delivery rates, with at least one live born child, and at the same time decrease the rate of multiple births. A costeffectiveness analysis was also performed between the elective single embryo transfer (SET) (1+1) and double embryo transfer (DET)(2+0) strategies. Another aim was to inv...

In this study of 68 children displaying elective mutism, four types of mutism are distinguished: (a) symbiotic mutism, characterized by a symbiotic relationship with a caretaker and a submissive but manipulative relationship with others; (b) speech phobic mutism, characterized by fear of hearing one’s own voice and use of ritualistic behaviors; (c) reactive mutism, characterized by withdrawal a...

Introduction Elective mutism was first described in the literature in 1877 by Kussmaul who used the term "aphasia voluntaria" in order to describe children who, though not severely disturbed, are willfully mute for purposes they refuse to disclose. From this time until the 1930's there was very little else in the German literature. In 1934, Tramer coined the name "elective mutism" which has gai...