AIM AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the pulp testing methods (pulse oximetry and electric pulp test) in primary and young permanent teeth of children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included a total of 155 children aged 4 to 15 years. Twenty children formed control group I. Study group included all healthy, 85 primary 2nd molars in group II and 85 permanent 1st molars ...

In recent experiments [1,2], Rydberg atoms have been exposed to ultrashort, electric-field pulses. The electric field in these pulses is nearly unipolar, and has a temporal shape which resembles one-half of a cycle of THz-band radiation [3]. In the experiments [1,2], the 0.5-psec dura­ tion of these "half-cycle pulses" (HCPs), 1"HCP' is shorter than or comparable to the classical Kepler period ...

Electroporation by using pulsed electric fields with long durations compared with the charging time of the plasma membrane can induce cell fusion or introduce xenomolecules into cells. Nanosecond pulse power technology generates pulses with high-intensity electric fields, but with such short durations that the charging time of the plasma membrane is not reached, but intracellular membranes are ...

We report on the first experiments characterizing the complete time-dependent 2D vector potential of a few-cycle laser pulse. The instantaneous amplitude and orientation of the electric field is determined with sub-cycle resolution, directly giving access to the polarization state of the pulse at any instant in time. This is achieved by performing an attosecond streaking experiment using a reac...

The paper presents the results of experiments carried out on developed equipment, which makes it possible to study parameters exhaust gas purification by electric pulse. general structure electric-pulse cleaning stand with moving electrodes, description principle its operation is given. analysis draw a conclusion about effectiveness gases and determine optimal modes equipment designed systems i...

The electro-optic effect between an ultrafast optical probe pulse and an ultrashort terahertz pulse is shown to depend on the time derivatives of the product of the probe and terahertz electric fields. Application of this theory to temporally resolved single-shot terahertz detection techniques, where the electro-optic effect is temporally localized within an optical probe pulse, shows that the ...

The coupling between cardiac mechanics and electric signaling is addressed in a non–standard framework in which the electrical potential dictates the active strain (not stress) of the muscle. The physiological and mathematical motivations leading us to this choice are illustrated. The propagation of the electric signal is assumed to be governed by the FitzHugh– Nagumo equations, rewritten in ma...

The coupling between cardiac mechanics and electric signaling is addressed in a nonstandard framework in which the electrical potential dictates the active strain (not stress) of the muscle. The physiological and mathematical motivations leading us to this choice are illustrated. The propagation of the electric signal is assumed to be governed by the FitzHugh–Nagumo equations, rewritten in mate...

The authors observe propagations of collective excitations existing at in the fractional quantum Hall regime and demonstrate optical stroboscopic confocal microscopy by synchronizing an electric voltage pulse with pulse.

We propose a method to broaden the cut-off region of high harmonic generation by optimizing the parameters of two-color laser fields synthesized by an intense 5 fs pulse at 800 nm and a relatively weak, subharmonic pulse at 2400 nm. Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is employed to optimize the electric field amplitude, pulse duration of the control pulse, and the time delay between two pulses....