An electrochemical technic for measuring carbon dioxide (C02) content in whole blood has been devisedand evaluated. The method requires a membrane-covered pH electrode for the CO2 measurements. This electrode system permits rapid determination of CO2 content in blood samplesof less than 1 ml. The measurement is performed by hemolyzingand acidifying a bloodsample in sucha manner that the release...

A new computational imaging technique, termed Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM), uses a sequence of low-resolution images captured under varied illumination to iteratively converge upon a high-resolution complex sample estimate. Here, we propose a mathematical model of FPM that explicitly connects its operation to conventional ptychography, a common procedure applied to electron and X-ray ...

The paper descr ibes MAGMA-Lisp, an extended L isp system proposed as an implementation t o o l f o r A . I . languages e x p l o i t i n g nondete rmin is t i c techniques. The main idea in forming MAGMA-Lisp is tha t a t ree s t r uc tu re of conceptual ly indipendent computation environments (contex t ree ) is the suppor t ing s t ruc tu re of any nondetermin is t i c system. MAGMA-Lisp prop...

We present a fast and effective electrochemical method to purify random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that leads to total removal of metal catalyst without apparent detrimental effect on the electrochemical properties of the electrodes. The efficiency of the electrochemical purification has been compared with that of conventional chemical purification (acid washing). The d...

We introduce a new in situ electrochemical technique based on the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) operating in a transient feedback mode for the detection and direct quantification of adsorbed species on the surface of electrodes. A SECM tip generates a titrant from a reversible redox mediator that reacts chemically with an electrogenerated or chemically adsorbed species at a substra...

We propose an RLC model for PEDOT:PSS electrochemical transistors to interpret the persistent oscillating currents observed in experiments. The electrochemical reaction is represented by an inductor in the equivalent circuit. The simulation results show that an electrochemical device can be operated as normal transistors or oscillators under different voltage bias. This model predicts that anal...

Electrochemical immunosensors resulting from a combination of the traditional immunoassay approach with modern biosensors and electrochemical analysis constitute a current research hotspot. They exhibit both the high selectivity characteristics of immunoassays and the high sensitivity of electrochemical analysis, along with other merits such as small volume, convenience, low cost, simple prepar...

We develop electrochemical mean-field kinetic equations to simulate electrochemical cells. We start from a microscopic lattice-gas model with charged particles, and build mean-field kinetic equations following the lines of earlier work for neutral particles. We include the Poisson equation to account for the influence of the electric field on ion migration, and oxido-reduction processes on the ...

Electrochemical techniques have been frequently used in the field of chemical analyses including pretreatment, qualitative estimation and quantification. Principal physical quantities obtained by electrochemical measurements are potential (or voltage), current and resistance. Each quantity provides the indication of a driving force, a rate and a barrier against electrochemical reactions. Figure...

Scanning electrochemical microscopy ~SECM! has been integrated with electrochemical atomic force microscopy ~EC-AFM!, and applied for in situ studies of localized corrosion of Al alloys in NaCl solution. The instrument utilizes a dual mode probe, which functions both as a normal cantilever and as an ultramicroelectrode. The I −/I 3 − redox mediator was used for mapping of local electrochemical ...