Effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatment on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) response were investigated to elucidate the ECS-induced changes, which may be related to antidepressant effects, using electrophysiological methods with hippocampal slices in vitro. ECS was applied to Wistar rats once daily for 14 d from 3 wk of age (ECS group). Control animals did not receive ECS (control...

Cocaine addiction is a widespread problem in the United States, lacking an appropriate treatment. Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) may repair malfunctioning dopamine neurons via induction of synaptic plasticity, providing an alternative treatment for addiction. Sprague­ Dawley rats were trained to seek cocaine, using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. One group of rats received four c...

Forty nine adult male Sprague Dawley rats were selected for rapid learning in a T-maze to study the effects of BR-16A, a herbal preparation on ECS-induced retrograde amnesia. Half the rats received 200 mg/kg BR-16A and the other half received vehicle alone. The rats were trained to run into the enclosed chamber of either the left or the right arm on a T-maze; a food pellet served as a reward in...

Daily administration of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) to rats for 10 days increased the content of [Met5]enkephalin in the hypothalamus and the striatum by 64% and 45%, respectively. The effect of ECS on the relative abundance of mRNA coding for the enkephalin precursor preproenkephalin was investigated. Analysis by cell-free translation of polyadenylylated RNA and immunoprecipitation of prepro...

This paper investigates the e¤ect of …nancial shocks using an estimated general equilibrium model that links the …rm’s ‡ows of …nancing with labor market variables. The results show that …nancial shocks have sizeable e¤ects on …nancial variables, vacancy posting, unemployment and wages. Shocks to the job destruction rate are important in describing ‡uctuations in output and unemployment. The an...

Self-ordered spatial working memory measures provide important information regarding underlying cognitive strategies, such as stereotypy. This strategy is based on repetitive sequential selection of a spatial pattern once a correct sequence has been identified. We previously reported that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) but not magnetic seizure therapy (MST) impaired performance on a spatial work...

Environmental control of ECS-produced retrograde amnesia in goldfish. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. The retrograde amnestic effect of ECS can be enhanced by exposing the goldfish to the intertrial environment for 25 mm just prior to administration of the ECS. As the interval between training and the ECS is increased, the amnesm produced by the environment-ECS interaction takes longer to develop. The environm...

This paper will present the results of experience with "regressive electroshock treatment" (hereafter referred to as REST) in 100 cases over the six years following 1948. This method has been described previously by Milligan, 1 Kennedy and Anchell, 2 Rothschild et al., 3 WeiP and others. However, in spite of the years since the initial report in 1946, few hospitMs ~have adopted the method. At t...

To assess the similarity of the behavioural effects of the rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to those produced by other antidepressant treatments, in particular to repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS), we carried out experiments on Wistar rats. The effects of a standard ECS procedure (9 daily treatments; the current parameters: 150 mA, 50 Hz, 0.5 s) were compared with 18 d treatm...

ERK5-MEF2C has been implicated in many aspects of neuronal survival and neuroprotection. Neurotrophic effects have been considered as one of the mechanisms in therapeutic electroconvulsive shock (ECS). To investigate whether ECS activates ERK5-MEF2C, we examined the phosphorylation of ERK5, along with its downstream molecule MEF2C, after ECS in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. Increased ...