A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a new approach for desalinating water based on using the electrical current generated by exoelectrogenic bacteria. Previously developed MDCs have used only one or two desalination chambers with substantial internal resistance, and used low salinity catholytes containing a buffered or acid solution. Here we show that substantially improved MDC performance c...

Electrodialysis is an effective method of water desalination. However, the efficiency of the method is limited by the concentration polarization of the ion-exchange membranes. Applying an electric field with special pulse characteristics can diminish the effect of the concentration polarization. A theoretical analysis is carried out for galvanostatic and potentiostatic pulse regimes. The time d...

Recent investigations in the Bureau of Soils have shown that the colloidal material present in any soil contains 10 or more elements in widely varying proportions (19). Various attempts to fractionate the material into substances of more definite composition have not met with much success. However, dialysis of the material indicated that one colloid held about 1 per cent of its constituents les...

The effect of theta pulse stimulation (TPS) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced long-term potentiation of population spikes (PS) was studied in the hippocampal CA1 in vitro. A transient PTZ application produced a long-lasting enhancement of PS amplitude. A 3-min episode of TPS delivered at a higher intensity produced complete reversal of the PTZ potentiation when delivered during the last minute...

Microbial reverse electrodialysis cells (MRECs) combine power generation from salinity gradient energy using reverse electrodialysis (RED), with power generation from organic matter using a microbial fuel cell. Waste heat can be used to distill ammonium bicarbonate into high (HC) and low salt concentration (LC) solutions for use in the RED stack, but nitrogen crossover into the anode chamber mu...

trichotillomania refferes compulsive hair pulling that results in considerable hair loss.many medical and nonedical therapies have been applied for treatment of this disorder. the purpose of this study was to compare the efectiveness of clomipramine, hydroxyzine, and behavior therapy (habit reversal) in the treatment of trichottillomania. to achieve this 15 patients with trichotillomania were r...

The role of the incorporation of conducting polymer (CP), doped with different sulfonic acid organic molecules, in polystyrene (PS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) with poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer has been investigated. Two factors associated with this model membrane system are addressed: (i) the influence of the presence of a low concentration of doped conducti...

Electrodialysis with monopolar ion exchange membranes was used to reduce the acid content of pineapple juice. It is an electrochemical membrane separation process in which electrically charged membranes and an electrical potential difference are used to separate ionic species in the pineapple juice from other uncharged components. Several physico-chemical (pH, titratable acidity and soluble sol...

Electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, and related electrochemical processes are increasingly important technologies for water purification renewable energy generation storage. The electrical efficiency of these is directly to the permselectivity ion exchange membranes (IEMs) – defined as extent which membrane permits passage counter-ions (ions opposite charge membrane, e.g., cations a catio...