Cr-Fe-C alloy deposits were successfully prepared on high-carbon tool steel in a Cr3+-based electroplating bath containing Fe2+ ions and suitable complex agents. A Cr-based alloy deposit was obtained with an electroplating current density higher than 25 Adm-2, and a Fe-based alloy deposit was obtained using a current density of 20 Adm-2. Following electroplating, these alloy deposited specimens...

Electroplated nickel coating on cemented carbide is a potential pretreatment technique for providing an interlayer prior to diamond deposition on the hard metal substrate. The electroplated nickel coating is expected to be of high quality, for example, indicated by having adequate thickness and uniformity. Electroplating parameters should be set accordingly for this purpose. In this study, the ...

Several electroplating industry including agricultural sector industries, sewage treatment and mining operations all combine to generate hazardous waste water containing enormous amounts of toxic heavy metals. The accumulation of toxic heavy metals in human beings and animals cause many metabolic disorders. Heavy metal concentration was estimated in sewage, sludge and electroplating wastewater ...

Virtually all products that are finished require some pre-finishing procedure such as cleaning, stripping, or pickling. Without a properly cleaned surface, even the most expensive coating will fail to adhere or protect the workpiece. Depending on the process being performed, the degree of cleanliness will vary. Finishing operations such as phosphating, chromating, or electropolishing do not req...

To study the extent of removal of Cu(II) ions from the electroplating industrial effluent, metal resistant fungal strain of Penicillium janthinellum was selected for the present study. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the sorption process variables i.e. temperature (20-40 oC), biomass concentration (0.5-2.5 mg/l), pH (2.0-6.0) and initial concentration of metal ions (20-100 mg/...

in this work, we developed a method which combined the processes of acid-leaching, ammonium jarosite precipitating and electro-depositing to recover copper and nickel from electroplating sludge. residual sludge from an electroplating plant located in qingdao was used for acid-leaching, and more than 95% of copper, nickel, zinc, chromium and iron were extracted from the sludge. after acid-leachi...

In this study we compared three methods for the treatment of electroplating sludge highly loaded with zinc and iron: (1) calcium oxide-based solidification/stabilisation; (2) conversion into inert material by adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants onto activated carbon; and (3) conversion of mobile waste components into insoluble phosphates. All three methods proved highly efficient in ...

This work presents a parallel electrical interconnection process by means of flip-chip, selective electroplating and bonding. The electrical interconnection lines are built on a glass substrate made of 500/2000 Å of Cr/Au with 3150 lm in length and 10 lm in width. Two silicon chips are processed as the device chips to be electrically interconnected. It has been demonstrated that 98 out of 102 i...

While ceramics are important materials for electronic and microsystem packaging, they are difficult to pattern lithographically. LEEDUS, a fabrication process combining lithography, electroplating, batch mode micro electro-discharge machining (µEDM) and batch mode micro ultrasonic machining (µUSM), is presented in this paper. This technology provides die-scale pattern transfer capability from l...

2.1 Metal Toxicity ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Selected Heavy Metals ............................................................................................ 14 2.1.1.1 Lead ......................................................................................................... 14 2.1.1.2 Cad...