Abstract We propose a phase-field theory for enriched continua. To generalize classical models, we derive the gradient based on balances of microforces, microtorques, and mass. focus materials where second gradients phase field describe long-range interactions. By considering nontrivial interaction inside body, described by boundary-edge microtraction, characterize existence hypermicrotraction ...

Continued advancement of protein array, bioelectrode, and biosensor technologies is necessary to develop methods for higher amount and highly oriented immobilization activity of proteins. In pursuit of these goals, we developed a new immobilization method by combining electrostatic transport and subsequent molecular diffusion of protein molecules. Our developed immobilization method is based on...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) from charged dielectric materials used within explosive environments presents a significant hazard. To investigate dielectric surface charging, and methods of removing the charge, in detail and in a controlled way, a test stand has been built and utilized to study the behavior of several common dielectric materials used in such environments. A corona discharge sour...

The elastic-electrostatic problem domain contains two charged bodies-one of them is a deformable elastic body with some geometric restraints, while the other is totally restrained and can be modeled as a rigid fixed body. Stresses, strains and deformations of the elastic body under electrostatic force are the quantities of interest. It is a two-way coupling problem, since the deformations is th...

in this paper, on the basis of a new strain gradient elasticity theory, wave propagation in rectangular nanoplates by considering in-plane magnetic field is studied. this strain gradient theory has two gradient parameters and has the ability to compare with the nonlocal elasticity theory. from the best knowledge of author, it is the first time that this theory is used for investigating wave pro...

the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow in a relatively wide electrostatic precipitator (ESP) (width:height = 2) is 2-or 3-dimensional (3D). The previous our measurements of 3D time-averaged flow velocity fields suggested that the flow in the ESP duct centre is almost 2-dimensional. In this paper we present both the 3D instantaneous and time-averaged flow velocity fields in a relatively wide ESP (wi...

The class of equilibrium gradient methods utilizes the opposition of two forces, at least one of which changes in magnitude with position, to separate and concentrate analytes. The drawback of many methods of this type is that the production of two opposing forces requires in comparison to standard methods, such as capillary electrophoresis, a relatively complex apparatus. In addition, for tech...

It is shown that in perfectly quasi-isodynamic stellarators, trapped particles with a bounce frequency much higher than the frequency of the instability are stabilizing in the electrostatic and collisionless limit. The collisionless trapped-particle instability is therefore stable as well as the ordinary electron-density-gradient-driven trapped-electron mode. This result follows from the energy...