OBJECTIVES Appropriate antibiotic exposure at the site of infection is important for clinically effective therapy. This study compared the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) penetration of ceftolozane/tazobactam, which has potent in vitro activity against many Gram-negative pathogens causing nosocomial pneumonia, with that of piperacillin/tazobactam in healthy adult volunteers. METHODS In this Pha...

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening infection in lung transplant recipients; however, no studies of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) of echinocandins in transplanted lungs have been reported. We conducted a single-dose prospective study of the intrapulmonary and plasma PKPD of 150 mg of micafungin administered intravenously in 20 adult lung transplant recipien...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and FibroTest (FT) are frequently used as non-invasive alternatives for fibrosis staging to liver biopsy. However, to date, diagnostic performances of Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, which consists of hyaluronic acid, aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type-III, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1, have not been comp...

Pygopus is a component of the T-cell factor/beta-catenin transcriptional complex essential for activation of Wnt target genes and is also required for cell regulation in the absence of Wnt signaling. Human Pygopus2 (hPygo2) is overexpressed in a high proportion of breast and epithelial ovarian malignant tumors and is required for the growth of several cell lines derived from these carcinomas. T...

background: the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (elf-emf), mainly emitted by electric transmission lines and household electronic appliances, is becoming a worldwide health risk. it is imperative to investigate the biological impacts of elf-emf and to identify products that are resistant to the radiation from 50 hz elf-emf. in this study, we investigated the biological impacts of ...

Magnetic fields have been reported to have shortand long-term effects on health, and epidemiological studies point to an increased risk of certain cancers after exposure to even low field strengths 2 . The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified so-called Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs) as a Class 2B ‘possible carcinogen’, whereas the evidence for E...

In order to clarify the activity of magnetic fields on their frequency against the body, inhibitory activity against vasomotion of mouse skin arterioles was observed using a intravital-microscope after exposing the mouse whole body to 0.46 mT magnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF-MF: 25, 50 and 100 Hz) and direct current (DC-MF) which are approximately 10 times as strong as terrestria...

ELF/VLF waves can be generated via amplitude modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet, which turns a patch of ionospheric currents into a radiating antenna. A new, more powerful technique, termed `geometric modulation', involves scanning the HF beam in geometric patterns with no power modulation. Utilizing results obtained from the HAARP facility, we show that geometric modulation enhance...

The effect of exposure to extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF: 3 mT, 60 Hz) on differentiation of mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells was examined together with addition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). As a marker of the differentiation, the cellular collagen content was determined by the absorbance of Sirius red-stained cells measured at the wavelength of 510-520 n...

Increasing production of free radicals in organisms is one of the putative mechanisms by which a extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) may affect biological systems. The present study was designated to assess if ELF-MF applied in the magnetotherapy, affects generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in heart tissue and antioxidant capacity of plasma according to its working time. The...