BACKGROUND Sex-related differences in performance and in age of peak performance have been reported for freestyle swimming. However, little is known about the sex-related differences in other swimming styles. The aim of the present study was to compare performance and age of peak performance for elite men and women swimmers in breaststroke versus freestyle. METHODS Race results were analyzed ...

The study aimed to examine the effect of individualized (IT) and respiratory muscle training (RMT) on pulmonary function among collegiate swimmers.
 Materials methods. recruited 43 healthy swimmers aged 18 25, they were freestyle non-elite who swam at least three days a week. participants divided into groups Usual (Control Group A), Respiratory (Experimental B) Combination C). repeated mea...

The aim of this study was to analyse the differences between preferential and non preferential start technique, and the inter-trial variability. Seven elite swimmers, who used track start as preferential technique, realised three trials in track and grab start. The kinematical analysis assessed the durations of the block, flight, entry, glide, leg kicking and full swimming phases to the 15-m ma...

Elite athletes are reported to possess longer telomeres than their less active counterparts. ACE gene (Insertion/Deletion) polymorphism has been previously associated with elite athletic performance, the deletion (D) variant appearing more frequently in short distance swimmers. Additionally, D allele have a negative effect on telomere length. The aim of this study was investigate length swimmer...