Erstwhile, sex was determined by observation, which is not always feasible. Nowadays, genetic methods are prevailing due to their accuracy, simplicity, low costs, and time-efficiency. However, there is no comprehensive review enabling overview and development of the field. The studies are heterogeneous, lacking a standardized reporting strategy. Therefore, our aim was to collect genetic sexing ...

—Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Atlantic yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis lusitanius from Northern Spain. Aims: We evaluate sexual size dimorphism in Atlantic yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis lusitanius and provide a discriminant function to sex gulls in hand. Location: Two islands of the Basque Country (Northern Spain). Methods: Incubating gulls were trapped, band...

Numerous avian species are sexually monomorphic, especially nestlings, posing difficulties in determining their sex by morphological traits alone. Despite the difficulties, sex identification of birds is an essential part of ex situ conservation breeding programs for endangered species, and the sex of individuals is an integral component of information required for research concerning ecology, ...

Embryo transfer (ET) in cattle has been commercially practiced in a number of countries for nearly four decades. Numerous technologies have been introduced and adopted by the industry during this period, including non-surgical embryo recovery and transfer, closely timed hormonal synchronization of donor and recipient estrous cycles, reliable cryopreservation of embryos and direct transfer follo...

The characterization of demographic features in natural populations is important to understand recruitment dynamics, mating systems, and propensities for loss genetic diversity. accurate identification sex can be difficult sexually monomorphic species. We present a melt curve analysis based on qPCR assays lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) validation using the AllWSex2 marker adult males fema...

Separation of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm has been practiced for selection of desired sex of offspring to increase the profit in livestock industries. At present, fluorescence-activated cell sorter is the only successful method for separation of X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm. This technology is based on the differences in DNA content between these two types of sperm and has been comme...