LEACH is a traditional clustering routing protocol in wireless sensor network. When selecting the cluster head, Leach does not consider sensor nodes’ energy and position information. It leads to uneven the distribution of cluster heads and uneven energy consumption of sensor nodes. Clustering routing protocols which are based on particle swarm optimization have been proposed to improve the perf...

Various routing protocols have been designed and developed for Wireless Sensor Networks. They face various challenges. Sensor nodes are strongly energy and storage constrained, also failure rate of sensor node is very high. As, energy conservation in such network is of paramount importance to extend the lifetime of network, while sending data to the Base station, some routing mechanisms which c...

Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. We compare the performance of three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), location-aided routing (LAR1).Our evaluation is based on energy consumption ...

In this paper, we propose and discuss two types of algorithms to improve energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks. An efficient approach for extending the life a network is known as “sensor clustering” wireless sensor networks. proposed algorithms, study area where nodes are randomly distributed divided into clusters. each cluster, that closest cluster center has highest residual chosen he...