Introduction: In dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), the Hounsfield values of a substance measured at two different energies are the basic data for finding the chemical properties of a substance. The trends of Hounsfield unit (HU) alterations following the changes in energy are different between the materials with high and low Zeff. The present study aim...

Membranes of living cells are characterized by laser-assisted fluorescence microscopy, in particular a combination of microspectrofluorometry, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy. The generalized polarization (GP, characterizing a spectral shift which depends on the phase of mem...

HeH is found to be the dominant positive ion over a wide range of temperatures and densities relevant to helium-rich white dwarfs. The inclusion of HeH in ionization equilibrium computations increases the abundance of free electrons by a significant factor. For temperatures below 8000 K, He free-free absorption is increased by up to a factor of 5 by the inclusion of HeH . Illustrative model atm...

JEM © The Rockefeller University Press $15.00 Vol. 204, No. 2, February 19, 2007 345–356 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20061890 345 T cell–mediated immune responses require the active migration of T cells in tissues and the establishment of specifi c cell–cell contacts with other cell types. T cell migration was analyzed intravitally in the last few years using noninvasive two-photon microsco...

320 www.thelancet.com Vol 386 July 25, 2015 The European heatwave of 2003 showed the potentially disastrous eff ects of heatwaves. About 70 000 premature deaths resulted, notably in France, and a series of lethal heatwaves have subsequently occurred in several countries. However, less well appreciated is the similar burden of mortality from moderately hot weather, which, depending on defi nitio...

The discovery of vitamin D as an essential nutrient for skeletal development a century ago was a major public health victory. Supplementation, whether solar or dietary, prevented the devastating eff ects of rickets in chil dren. Five decades later, the molecular mechanisms of the vitamin’s active form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and its receptor (vitamin D receptor [VDR]), were elucidated, and su...

School choice policy has implications for school travel as it allows students to attend schools farther from their residence than their neighborhood schools. This paper uses a case study from Oregon to investigate how school choice aff ects parents’ school travel decision making and the degree to which school choice aff ects children’s walking or biking to school. The research shows that school...

Modeling non-adiabatic phenomena and materials at extremes has been a long-standing challenge for computational chemistry and materials science, particularly for systems that undergo irreversible phase transformations due to significant electronic excitations. Ab initio and existing quantummechanics approximations to the Schrödinger equation have been limited to ground-state descriptions or few...

The elastic restoring force of tissues must be able to operate over the very wide range of loading rates experienced by living organisms. It is surprising that even the fastest events involving animal muscle tissues do not surpass a few hundred hertz. We propose that this limit is set in part by the elastic dynamics of tethered proteins extending and relaxing under a changing load. Here we stud...

Chronic food defi cits affect about 792 million people in the world (1). Malnutrition directly or indirectly affects a variety of organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). A number of nutritional conditions are included in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, such as protein–energy malnutrition, iodine defi ciency, vitamin A defi ciency, and iron defi ciency anaemia. Over 1...