Entropy bounds render quantum corrections to the cosmological constant Λ finite. Under certain assumptions, the natural value of Λ is of order the observed dark energy density ∼ 10 −10 eV 4 , thereby resolving the cosmological constant problem. We note that the dark energy equation of state in these scenarios is w ≡ p/ρ = 0 over cosmo-logical distances, and is strongly disfavored by observation...

Two principles explain emergence. First, in the Receipt’s reference frame, Deg(S) = 4 3 Deg(R ), where Supply S is an isotropic radiative energy source, Receipt R receives S’s energy, and Deg is a system’s degrees of freedom based on its mean path length. S’s 3 more degrees of freedom relative to R enables R ’s growth and increasing complexity. Second, ρ(R ) = Deg(R )× ρ(r), where ρ(R ) represe...

The entropy of hot nuclear Systems is deduced from the mass distribution of fragments emitted from high energy protonand nucleus-induced reactions via a quantum statistical model. It is found that the entropy per baryon, S / A , of intermediate rapidity ("participant") fragments is higher than the entropy of target rapidity ("spectator") fragments. The spectator fragments exhibit S / A values o...

Protein conformational transitions, which are essential for function, may be driven either by entropy or enthalpy when molecular systems comprising solute and solvent molecules are the focus[1, 2]. Revealing thermodynamic origin of a given molecular process is an important but difficult task, and general principles governing protein conformational distributions remain elusive. Here we demonstra...

Loss of side-chain conformational entropy is an important force opposing protein folding and the relative preferences of the amino acids for being buried or solvent exposed may be partially determined by which amino acids lose more side-chain entropy when placed in the core of a protein. To investigate these preferences, we have incorporated explicit modeling of side-chain entropy into the prot...

We report the statistical properties of classical particles in (2+1) gravity as resulting from numerical simulations. Only particle momenta have been taken into account. In the range of total momentum where thermal equilibrium is reached, the distribution function and the corresponding Boltzmann entropy are computed. In the presence of large gravity effects, different extensions of the temperat...

1. The Physics of Information 2 2. Thermodynamics 2 2.1. The laws 3 2.2. Free energy 6 3. Statistical mechanics 7 3.1. Definitions and postulates 8 3.2. A simple model system of magnetic spins 9 3.3. The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 10 3.4. Free energy revisited 11 3.5. Gibbs entropy 12 4. Nonlinear dynamics 12 4.1. The ergodic hypothesis 13 4.2. Chaos and limits to prediction 14 4.3. Quantif...

the therrmodynamic parameters and equilibrium constant of displacement of dimethy sulfide by 3-carboaldehyde pyridine as n-donor ligand in cis-[pt(4-mec6h4)2(sme2)2] complex have been measured using uv vis spectroscopy in acetone, dichloromethane and benzene at various temperatures (t=15-20 °c) and compared with previous my reported about similar reaction. δho (kj.mol-1) of the mentioned reacti...