نتایج جستجو برای: energy tax
تعداد نتایج: 695633 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
With the volatility in crude oil prices of the last few years, the increasing dependence of the U.S. economy on imported crude oil has become more apparent. Carbon emissions in the U.S. have been on the rise since 1990, making the adoptions of the recommendations of the Kyoto Protocol more difficult. Furthermore, there is no long-term policy plan to guide public and business decision makers as ...
The existence of tax concessions (tax exemption, tax holiday, allowances …) provide the possibility of reducing tax liability via special tax provisions or regulations in tax laws for some taxpayers, hence government loses some tax revenues. Therefore, the forgone tax revenues resulting from some of the tax concessions for particular taxpayers, regions and sectors of an economy, are considere...
In this paper we characterize, both theoretically and quantiatively, the optimal mix of progressive income taxes and education subsidies in a model with endogeous human capital formation, borrowing constraints and income risk.
The traditional view that excise taxes are regressive has been challenged. I document the history of the term regressive tax, show that traditional definitions have always found cigarette taxes to be regressive, and illustrate the implications of the greater price responsiveness observed among the poor. I explain the different definitions of tax burden: accounting, welfare-based willingness to ...
a r t i c l e i n f o A large part of government revenues in Russia comes from royalties and export taxes on crude oil, oil products, and gas. Recently, the Russian government has considered reducing export taxes on crude oil and oil products compensated by an increase in the royalty on crude oil. The objective of the paper is to analyse the economy-wide effects of this proposal. Moreover, a hy...
Laffer curve indicates relationship between tax rate and tax income. The aim of this paper is estimating of laffer curve in Iranian economy. To do so, we have used threshold regression method. Empirical results indicate that since the tax rate is low (the threshold value is less than 0.0848) in two-regime model, tax rate and tax income have a significant positive relationship, but when the tax ...
Abstract This research aims at studying and assessing factors affecting on tax lags in Iran. The statistical population of study consists of 45 active manufacturing companies in the center of Mazandaran province that have filed and submitted their tax returns and related documents during the years 2009 to 2013, and their final taxes have been determined and have reached to the stage of collect...
Taxation as one of the safest ways of government financing has always been one of the financial tools of the government along with public sector expenses to achieve government objectives, and since the world's largest environmental damage is due to energy consumption, imposing environmental taxes on energy consumption can reduce the amount of environmental damage. Therefore, considering the ...
Abstract In this paper, Markov chain and dynamic programming were used to represent a suitable pattern for tax relief and tax evasion decrease based on tax earnings in Iran from 2005 to 2009. Results, by applying this model, showed that tax evasion were 6714 billion Rials**. With 4% relief to tax payers and by calculating present value of the received tax, it was reduced to 3108 billion Rials. ...
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