We have applied self-assembled DNA tetrahedral nanostructures for the precise and tunable control of the gain in an optofluidic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) laser. By adjusting the ratio of the donor and the acceptor attached to the tetrahedral vertices, 3.8 times reduction in the lasing threshold and 28-fold enhancement in the lasing efficiency were demonstrated. This work tak...

Many genetically encoded biosensors use Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to dynamically report biomolecular activities. While pairs of cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins (FPs) are most commonly used as FRET partner fluorophores, respectively, green and red FPs offer distinct advantages for FRET, such as greater spectral separation, less phototoxicity, and lower autofluorescence. We pr...

Attachment of three different fluorophores to an aza-oxa cryptand (L) gives a transition-metal ion induced two-step fluorescence resonance energy transfer system.

Many complex cellular processes in the cell are catalysed at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. The enzymes involved bind and hydrolyse ATP and couple ATP hydrolysis to the catalysed process via cycles of nucleotide-driven conformational changes. In this review, I illustrate how smFRET (single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer) can define the underlying conformational changes that dri...

We present a new way to obtain large spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) in nonparaxial situations. We use near field of dipoles which contain all plane waves, both homogeneous and evanescent. We base SHEL on dipole-dipole interaction initiated energy transfer (FRET), which we further enhance using plasmonic platforms. The spin-orbit coupling inherent in Maxwell equations is seen in the conversion...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is widely used to study protein interactions in living cells. Typically, spectral variants of the Green Fluorescent Protein (FPs) are incorporated into proteins expressed in cells, and FRET between donor and acceptor FPs is assayed. As appreciable FRET occurs only when donors and acceptors are within 10 nm of each other, the presence of FRET c...

Single-molecule (sm) fluorescence detection is a powerful method for studying biological events without time and population averaging. Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a spectroscopic technique for measuring distances in the 30-80 Å range in which excitation energy of a donor molecule is transferred to an acceptor via interaction between two induced dipoles. A variant ...

establishing satisfactory estimation methods of lake evaporation has been crucial vital for research and management of water resources and ecosystems. determining the accurate method to estimate evaporation from reservoirs in the investigation and management of water resources is very important. hence, in this study eight empirical methods such as; makkink, debruin-kejiman, penman, priestley-ta...

The thermal balance analysis is a useful method to determine energy distribution and efficiency of internal combustion (IC) engines. In engines cooling concepts, estimation of heat transfer to brake power ratio, as one of the most significant performance characteristics, is highly demanded. In this paper, investigation of energy balance and derivation of specific heat rejection is carried out e...