The cost of feed is the most important cost in pig meat production (about 60%), and the energy component represents the greatest proportion. Therefore, it is important to estimate precisely the energy value of feeds, either for least-cost formulation purposes or for adapting feed supply to energy requirements of animals. Evaluation of energy content of pig feeds is usually based on their digest...

Nowadays, optimal integration and utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) are of the most challenging issues in power systems. The wind and solar generation units' maximum production may or may not occur at peak consumption times resulting in non-optimal utilization of these resources. As a solution to this problem, energy storage systems (ESS) are embedded in networks. However, the power...

T HREE switchback metabolism studies were conducted to study the effects of replacing corn with 5, 10 and 15% cane molasses. Five percent molasses had no significant effect on any of the parameters studied. At 10 and 15% molasses added at the expense of corn in the basal ration, nitrogen retention and apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy were all significantly improved (P< .05) . The...

Continuous access to energy for commercial and industrial sites across the United States to cover their needs is essential for them to keep producing goods and providing services. Nonetheless, the price of electricity provided by utilities is variable throughout the day. In addition, Commercial and Industrial customers have to pay demand charges that are proportional to the maximum power drawn ...

In recent years, introduction of alternative energy sources such as solar energy is expected. Solar heat energy utilization systems are rapidly gaining acceptance as one of the best solutions to be an alternative energy source. However, thermal energy collection is influenced by solar radiation and weather conditions. In order to control a solar heat energy utilization system as accurate as pos...

The changes in body weight and composition were examined in broilers that either had immediate access to feed and water or had not been fed for 48 h posthatch. Chicks without access to feed decreased in BW by 7.8% in the 48 h posthatch, which was equivalent to 5.3 kcal/45 g chick/d. However, during this period the small intestines increased in weight and protein content by 80% or more. The decr...