Abstract Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are essential in human and animal infection food poisoning. This study analyzed ten genes ( sek, sel, sem, sen, seo, sep, seq, ser, ses , set ) encoding new staphylococcal enterotoxin isolated from animals humans by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, samples cases (174 isolates), cattle (5 goats isolates) resulted a tot...

the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative escherichia coli strains and antibiotic resistance of the isolates in raw milk and unpasteurized cheese. out of 200 samples of raw milk and 50 samples of unpasteurized cheeses, 96 and 24 strains of e. coli were isolated, respectively. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect the genes encodi...

background: several virulence factors have been described in pathogenesis of staphylococcus aureus strains. staphylococcal enterotoxins(ses) that is one of the most factors, are belonging to important members of bacterial superantigens. superantigens are defined by their ability to stimulate cytokine release from both t cells and macrophages. 13 different ses are known that their function is no...

elaboration of different toxins by enterotoxigenic e. coli has been considered as one of the main virulence factors contributing to the manifestation of disease caused by these microorganisms. various strategies have been employed to raise antibodies against these toxins as a line of defense. in this study, the 3’ terminus of the gene that codes for the binding subunit of the heat-labile entero...

Ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food leads to staphylococcal food poisoning, the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. There are five major staphylococcal enterotoxins: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. While variants of these toxins have been described and were linked to specific hosts or levels or enterotoxin production, data on sequence va...

Although opportunistic pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, have long been regarded as avirulent organisms. The role of toxins in the development of infections caused by CoNS is still controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence of enterotoxin and cytotoxin genes in S. epidermidis...

This study involved the construction of hybrid plasmids to produce heat-stable enterotoxin type II of Escherichia coli (STb). The translation of the open reading frame for the STb gene estA was demonstrated in several ways. Studies using in vivo labeling with [35S]cysteine demonstrated a radiolabeled protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the expected molec...

Staphylococcus aureus contamination of food and contact surfaces is a public health concern given its virulent antimicrobial-resistant properties worldwide. In this study, total 181 MSSA isolates were analyzed for SE genes, antimicrobial resistance patterns, spa types. Overall, 24.9% positive gene detection, with sea being the most prevalent classical (18.8%). The predominant sample sources han...

background: staphylococcus aureus, the major virulence factor of hospital and community acquired infections, secretes numerous exotoxins (super antigens), which may affect immunological and inflammatory status in psoriatic skin lesion. objectives: this study is designed to compare the s. aureus super antigens level in sera of psoriatic patients with normal cases (nevus). patients and methods: a...