Entrainment to environmental light/dark (LD) cycles is a central function of circadian clocks. In Drosophila, entrainment is achieved by Cryptochrome (CRY) and input from the visual system. During activation by brief light pulses, CRY triggers the degradation of TIMELESS and subsequent shift in circadian phase. This is less important for LD entrainment, leading to questions regarding light inpu...

Entrainment theory describes the process of interaction between independent rhythmical processes. This paper defines entrainment in this general sense, then briefly explores its significance for human behaviour, and for musicmaking in particular. The final section outlines a research method suitable for studies of entrainment in inter-personal coordination, and with reference to published studi...

Entrainment, broadly defined, is a phenomenon in which two or more independent rhythmic processes synchronize with each other. To illuminate the significance of entrainment for various directions of music research and promote a nuanced understanding of the concept among ethnomusicologists, this publication opens with an exposition of entrainment research in various disciplines, from physics to ...

In light of previous numerical studies demonstrating a strong sensitivity of the strength of thermohaline circulation to the representation of overflows in ocean general circulation models, the dynamics of bottom gravity currents are investigated using a two-dimensional, nonhydrostatic numerical model. The model explicitly resolves the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, the main mechanism of mixing ...

[1] The ‘‘transition zone water filter’’ (Bercovici and Karato, 2003) model relies on the presence of a dense hydrous melt above the 410-km discontinuity that is formed by dehydration melting as wet wadsleyite undergoes a phase change to low-water-solubility olivine. Recent studies suggest that, particularly in the Pacific, there is sufficient water in the transition zone for dehydration meltin...

Circadian oscillators found across a variety of species are subject to periodic external light-dark forcing. Entrainment to light-dark cycles enables the circadian system to align biological functions with appropriate times of day or night. Phase response curves (PRCs) have been used for decades to gain valuable insights into entrainment, however PRCs may not accurately describe entrainment to ...

This paper examines the concept of time in multimedia, World Wide Web-based courseware development. The biological concept of entrainment (the alignment of rhythms within and between systems) to accelerate courseware development is explored. The discussion begins with the foundational concepts of entrainment from biological systems and social psychology. Examples of entrainment in courseware de...

Cognitive theories of dialogue hold that entrainment, the automatic alignment between dialogue partners at many levels of linguistic representation, is key to facilitating both production and comprehension in dialogue. In this paper we examine novel types of entrainment in two corpora—Switchboard and the Columbia Games corpus. We examine entrainment in use of high-frequency words (the most comm...

In this inductive theory building paper, I examine the impact of social media on a social phenomenon. I particularly focus on a social phenomenon that concerns firms—the entrainment of contention to innovation. The entrainment of contention to innovation is defined as the alignment of the pace and/or timing of contention (e.g., opposition, petition, protest) with those of firms’ innovation. To ...

Entrainment is the tendency for participants in conversations to develop behaviour similar to one another in multiple dimensions. The degree of such entrainment is linked to the emotional state and empathy of the speakers and people who entrain to their conversational partners are seen as more socially attractive, likeable, competent, more intimate, and the interactions with such partners as mo...