Measles remains a major cause of child mortality, in part due to an inability to vaccinate young infants with the current live attenuated virus vaccine (LAV). To explore new approaches to infant vaccination, chimeric Venezuelan equine encephalitis/Sindbis virus (VEE/SIN) replicon particles were used to express the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of measles virus (MV). Juvenile rhesus ...

Experimental studies evaluated the vector competence of Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex cancer Theobald, Culex pseudes (Dyar and Knab), Culex taeniopus Dyar and Knab, and a Culex (Culex) species, probably Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Culex nigripalpus Theobald from Chiapas, Mexico, and Tocoa, Honduras, for epizootic (IC) and enzootic (IE) strains of Venezuelan equine encephalo...

The ecology of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission was compared at three enzootic foci: two forest sites in the Catatumbo region of western Venezuela that have yielded small numbers of virus isolates since the 1970s, and another focus in the middle Magdalena Valley of Colombia that has consistently yielded many VEE virus isolates. Our results demonstrated dramatic difference...

In this paper, a modified TOPSIS (techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) approach for solving bi-level multi-objective programming (BL-MOP) problems with fuzzy parameters is presented. These fuzzy parameters are assumed to be characterized by fuzzy numerical data, reflecting the experts' imprecise or fuzzy understanding of the nature of the parameters in the problem fo...

Fuzzy semigroup theory concentrates on theoretical aspects, but also includes applications in the areas of fuzzy coding theory, fuzzy finite state machines, and fuzzy languages. In this paper, we introduce the concept of an ( , )-fuzzy filter of an ordered semigroup , where , , , , with . Since the concept of ( , )-fuzzy filter is an important and useful generalization of ordinary fuzzy filter,...

in a ternary semihyperring, addition is a hyperoperation and multiplicationis a ternary operation. indeed, the notion of ternary semihyperringsis a generalization of semirings. our main purpose of this paper is to introducethe notions of fuzzy hyperideal and fuzzy bi-hyperideal in ternary semihyperrings.we give some characterizations of fuzzy hyperideals and investigateseveral kinds of them.

notions of strongly regular, regular and left(right) regular $gamma$−semigroupsare introduced. equivalent conditions are obtained through fuzzy notion for a$gamma$−semigroup to be either strongly regular or regular or left regular.

in this paper, we present an application of intuitionistic fuzzyprogramming to a two person bi-matrix game (pair of payoffs matrices) for thesolution with mixed strategies using linear membership and non-membershipfunctions. we also introduce the intuitionistic fuzzy(if) goal for a choiceof a strategy in a payoff matrix in order to incorporate ambiguity of humanjudgements; a player wants to max...

In this paper, we study I-fuzzy bi-matrix games with I-fuzzy goals. The indeterminacy factor in the I-fuzzy goal of each player is resolved using the Hurwicz optimism-pessimism rule. As a result, such an I-fuzzy bi-matrix game reduces to solving a fuzzy optimization problem with S-shaped membership functions. The latter problem is equivalently converted into its crisp counterpart using the conv...