Gewali, L.P. and S. Ntafos, Covering grids and orthogonal polygons with periscope guards, Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications 2 (1993) 309-334. The problem of finding minimum guard covers is NP-hard for simple polygons and open for simple orthogonal polygons. Alternative definitions of visibility have been considered for orthogonal polygons. In this paper we try to determine the com...

Light-induced stomatal responses were first reported by Darwin (1989). Stomata open in response to light, including blue and red light (Shimazaki et al., 2007). Red light induces stomatal opening via photosynthesis in the mesophyll and guard cell chloroplasts (Mott et al., 2008; Suetsugu et al., 2014). In contrast, blue light as a signal induces stomatal opening. Phototropins expressed in guard...

Stomatal apertures are regulated by morphological changes in guard cells which have been associated with guard cell vacuolar structures. To investigate the contribution of guard cell vacuoles to stomatal movement, we examined the dynamics of vacuolar membrane structures in guard cells and evaluated the changes in vacuolar volumes and surface areas during stomatal movement. Using a transgenic Ar...

For a polygonal region P with n vertices, a guard cover G is a set of points in P , such that any point in P can be seen from a point in G. In a colored guard cover, every element in a guard cover is assigned a color, such that no two guards with the same color have overlapping visibility regions. The Chromatic Art Gallery Problem (CAGP) asks for the minimum number of colors for which a colored...

To facilitate the monitoring of guard cells during development and isolation, a population of 704 GAL4 GFP enhancer trap lines was screened and four single insert lines with guard cell GFP expression and one with developmentally-regulated guard cell GFP expression were identified. The location of the T-DNA inserts, the expression of the flanking genes, and the promoter activity of the genomic D...

An optimized multiple ̄oating guard ring structure is investigated for the ®rst time as an edge termination method for high voltage 4H-SiC planar devices. Simulations were performed to investigate SiC guard ring termination, and determine the optimum guard ring spacing for planar diodes with up to four ̄oating rings. Simulated optimized designs predicted breakdown values from 40% of the ideal b...

Guard cells are a valuable model system for the study of photoreception, ion transport, and osmoregulation in plant cells. Changes in stomatal apertures occur when sensing mechanisms within the guard cells transduce environmental stimull into the ion fluxes and biosynthesis of organic solutes that regulate turgor. The electrical events mediating sensory transduction in guard cells can be charac...

Existing proposals for implementing the run-time suspension test for GHC concentrate upon suspending unifications in the bodies of clauses being used to evaluate guard literals. However, by making simple alterations to the guard and adding special primitives to it to localise the requirement to suspend to a primitive in the guard, unifications in the bodies of clauses may proceed without being ...

Increased variability in stomatal aperture at high temperatures can be attributed, in part, to the differential sensitivity of guard cells to thermal damage. Individual stomata become increasingly open at higher temperatures until guard cells are lethally damaged; at that temperature, apertures decrease. The extent of irreversible damage causing closure was estimated by K(+) uptake, neutral red...

From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology (Hasosah), King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, and the Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology (Al-Sunaid), and Medical Imaging (Al-Shaalan), King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Address correspondence to: Dr. Mohammed Y. Hasosah, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterolo...