Turn to the “Tools” or “New Products” pages of The Scientist and you will discover splendid state-ofthe-art instruments, many of which carry rather hefty price tags. It’s hard not to notice that the cost of doing science has been rising precipitously. The reason? For one, scientific investigations are increasingly more detailed or far-reaching, requiring more complex and powerful instruments. M...

Section 1: Introduction Analog technology is very important in commercial and industrial instruments and systems – such as measuring instruments and automatic control systems -that have analog inputs and outputs. Consumer equipment drives demand for improvements in analog circuit performance, and this naturally leads to performance improvements in commercial and industrial equipment. Fig.1 show...

Mercury is a metal found in elemental, organic, and inorganic forms in the nature. This substance is present in the composition of earth crust, soil, air, and even in some tissues of plants and sea animals. Each year nearly 3400 tons of mercury compounds are released in the environment, which 95% settle in the soil, 3% in the oceans, and 2% in the atmosphere. Different industrial products li...

Mercury naturally occurs in gas and oil deposits a wide range of concentrations covering six orders magnitude: up to 5 mg/m 3 natural 600 ppm (mg/kg) crude oil. hydrocarbons poses number technological environmental problems: contamination equipment products with this extremely toxic element, poisoning catalysts, initiates intensive corrosion equipment, thereby enhancing accident risk. Metal mer...

Using sterile technique helps prevent the surgical environment from becoming contaminated and thus can help reduce the incidence of surgical site infection. The AORN "Recommended practices for sterile technique" provides guidance for setting up, maintaining, and monitoring a sterile field. Topics include the use of surgical attire and personal protective equipment; appropriate selection and eva...

AIM To assess levels of anxiety in children concerning different dental instruments and equipment and to relate them with parents' anxiety levels moments before the appointment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty children from 4 to 12 years of age (average of 10±3.07) and their respective parents were evaluated. A facial scale was used to assess children's anxiety levels, while the Dental Anxiety Sc...