we describe a variational problem on a surface under a constraintof geometrical character. necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence ofbifurcation points are provided. in local coordinates the problem corresponds toa quasilinear elliptic boundary value problem. the problem can be consideredas a physical model for several applications referring to continuum medium andmembranes.

Measurements sensitive to the structure of both real and virtual photons are presented and compared to theoretical models with various photon parton distribution functions (PDFs). Measurements for real photons show a tendency for the available photon PDFs to be too small to describe the data. For virtual photons, the photon PDF is seen to decrease with increasing photon virtuality. In order to ...

Fractures in geologic media are known to provide preferential pathways for fluid flow and transport of contaminants. Computations of flow and transport in fracture networks are usually performed using either a discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling approach or a continuum based approach. The DFN approach explicitly model individual elements of a network and thus is considered to provide accur...

analysis and prediction of structural response to static or dynamic loading requires prediction of concrete response tovariable load histories. the constitutive equations for the mechanical behavior of concrete capable of seeing damage effects or crack growth procedure under loading/unloading/reloading was developed upon micro-plane framework. the proposed damage formulation has been built on t...

Biomedical engineering applications of ionic polymer-metal composites like motion devices for endoscopy, pumps, valves, catheter navigation mechanisms and espinal pressure sensors makes it important to properly model IPMCs for engineering design. Particularly, IPMC continuum models and their electric equivalent circuit representation are critical to a more efficient design of IPMC devices. In t...

Adaptive Mesh and Algorithm Reenement (AMAR) embeds a particle method within a continuum method at the nest level of an adaptive mesh reenement (AMR) hierarchy. The coupling between the particle region and the overlaying continuum grid is algorithmically equivalent to that between the ne and coarse levels of AMR. Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) is used as the particle algorithm embeded wit...

Equilibrium or meta-equilibrium incomplete thermostatistics with different q indices Abstract We discuss a possibility of establishing a nonextensive incomplete statistics based on Tsallis entropy for equilibrium systems with different q values.