In this paper, a novel transcoding algorithm for the Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) and the G.723.1 speech coder is proposed. In contrast to the conventional tandem transcoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm converts the parameters of one coder to the other without going through the decoding and encoding process. The proposed algorithm is composed of four parts: the parameter decoding, Line S...

So far, all conventional voice conversion approaches are text-dependent, i.e., they need equivalent training utterances of source and target speaker. Since several recently proposed applications call for renouncing this requirement, in this paper, we present an algorithm which finds corresponding time frames within text-independent training data. The performance of this algorithm is tested by m...

We demonstrate up-conversion single-photon detection for the 1550-nm telecommunications band using a PPLN waveguide, long-wavelength pump, and narrowband filtering using a volume Bragg grating. We achieve total-system detection efficiency of around 30% with noise at the dark-count level of a Silicon APD. Based on the new detector, a single-pixel up-conversion infrared spectrometer with a noise ...

INTRODUCTION: Mouret introduced laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1987. It has rapidly replaced open cholecystectomy as the standard treatment (1) and considered The Gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease (2) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed higher benefits for patients with lower prevalence of postoperative complications, feeding earlier, shorter mean hospital stay and equi...

The noise performance of an infrared injection photon detector with very high internal gain was investigated at a wavelength of 1.55 mum. The devices showed sub-Poissonian shot noise with Fano factors around 0.55 at 0.7 V at room temperature. Optical to electrical conversion factors of 3000 electrons per absorbed photon were recorded at 0.7 V. The change in noise-equivalent power with respect t...

A discrete-time conversion is applied to the continuous-time Markov process that describes the dynamics of biochemically reacting systems within the discrete-state stochastic modeling approach (chemical master equation approach). This yields a stochastically identical discrete-time Markov chain and an according formulation of the chemical master equation. Simulating the resulting chain is equiv...

We investigate the conversion of one-way nondeterministic finite automata and context-free grammars into Parikh equivalent oneway and two-way deterministic finite automata, from a descriptional complexity point of view. We prove that for each one-way nondeterministic automaton with n states there exist Parikh equivalent one-way and two-way deterministic automata with e √ n·lnn) and p(n) states,...

We investigate the conversion of nondeterministic finite automata and context-free grammars into Parikh equivalent deterministic finite automata, from a descriptional complexity point of view. We prove that for each nondeterministic automaton with n states there exists a Parikh equivalent deterministic automaton with e √ n·lnn) states. Furthermore, this cost is tight. In contrast, if all the st...