Due to unsatisfactory segmentation results when images contain noise by the Otsu’s thresholding method. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Otsu’s methods thus were proposed. These methods utilize not only grey levels of pixels but also their spatial informations between pixels such as mean and median values. The 3D Otsu’s methods additionally use both kinds of spatial information w...

The transferability of atomic and functional group properties is an implicit concept in chemistry. The work presented here describes the use of Transferable Atom Equivalents (TAE) to represent molecular electrostatic potential fields through the use of integrated atomic multipole moments that are associated with each TAE atom type used in the reconstruction. TAE molecular surface distributions ...

Water permeability coefficients of dog, cat, and beef red cell membranes have been measured under an osmotic pressure gradient. The measurements employed a rapid reaction stop flow apparatus with which cell shrinking was measured under a relative osmotic pressure gradient of 1.25 to 1.64 times the isosmolar concentration. For the dog red cell the osmotic permeability coefficient is 0.36 cm(4)/(...

The importance of adequate biological assessments rivers based on aquatic assemblages is essential to establish recovery measures. Macrophyte and macroinvertebrate communities react differently in time response strength diverse stressors. Our hypothesis was that each group a result specific combined abiotic factors stressor’s impact. To address the above, both quality elements (BQEs) values eco...

Abstract Although chalk aquifers are not too often associated with conduit flow, they highly productive groundwater systems and, like limestone aquifers, can be vulnerable to contamination when exposed land use activities. The Danish carbonate rocks generally recognized fractured and covered by thick Quaternary sediments. Fissure flow is pronounced, occurring in the upper 50–100 m due Pleistoce...

Otsu’s method is considered as one of the most popular thresholding method due to its simplicity. In order to increase its capabilities, one approach is to additionally use multidimensional information so that noise in images can be handled; while the other approach is to allow multilevel thresholding instead of bilevel thresholding to extract objects in the case of complex images. These two ap...

Linear induction motors are used in various industries but they have some specific phenomena which are the causes for some problems. The most important phenomenon is called end effect. End effect decreases efficiency, power factor and output force and unbalances the phase currents. This phenomenon is more important in medium and high speeds machines. In this paper a factor, EEF , is obtained by...

We apply the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to estimate the radiation pressure cross section for fluffy aggregates by computing the asymmetry parameter and the cross sections for extinction and scattering. The ballistic particle—cluster aggregate and the ballistic cluster—cluster aggregate consisting of either dielectric or absorbing material are considered to represent naturally existing ...

Albuminuria in nephrotic states is thought to arise from the formation of large pores in the glomerular capillary wall as large hydrodynamic probes, like Ficoll, have increased fractional clearance. In the present study, we tested for large pore formation in a novel manner. We accounted for the rates of plasma elimination as determined for tritium-labeled tracers of uncharged polydisperse Ficol...