The rationale for the use of nutritional supplements to enhance exercise capacity is based on the assumption that they will confer an ergogenic effect above and beyond that afforded by regular food ingestion alone. The proposed or advertised ergogenic effect of many supplements is based on a presumptive metabolic pathway and may not necessarily translate to quantifiable changes in a variable as...

The effect of caffeine to promote improvements in mood, cognition, and exercise performance has been well established in young and athletic adults. However, little is known about whether such nutritional ergogenic aids are effective in enhancing psychological well-being, physiological or cognitive performance in older adults. This study assesses the ergogenic effect of caffeine on mood, percept...

Kürek sporu, dengesiz bir tekne içinde, gittiği yöne sırtı dönük, bütün ana kas guruplarını kullanarak mümkün olduğunca hızlı gitmek şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Kürek; güç, dayanıklılık, denge, teknik yeterlilik ve zihinsel disiplin gerektirir. Aerobik anaerobik kapasitenin gücün yüksek olması gereken bu spor dalında, sporcuların kara koşullarında da antrenman yapabilmelerini sağlamak amacıyla kür...

Few supplements have a scientifically proven ergogenic effects of improving exercise capacity and/or physical performance in sport. The athletes require specialised nutrition, including precisely good quality supplementation, i.e. tested. Nowadays, more and use nutritional supplementation to improve their sporting both at the elite non-elite levels. In this review, substances such as β-alanine,...

BACKGROUND The effect on performance of protein ingestion during or after exercise is not clear. This has largely been attributed to the utilization of different scientific protocols and the neglection of accounting for factors such as differences in physical and chemical properties of protein supplements and differences in athletic performance level. METHODS We hypothesized that ingestion of...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator that increases blood flow and induces various intracellular actions such as increased mitochondrial and contractile efficiency. NO bioavailability may be increased by direct consumption of dietary nitrate and its sequential reduction to nitrite, a regulator of NO-induced hypoxic signaling. Dietary nitrate consumption reduces blood pressure, protects fro...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Caffeine and creatine are 2 of the most widely available and used compounds in sport. Although the use of either is not considered a doping infraction, the evidence does suggest ergogenic potential in certain sports. The purpose of this paper is to review the pharmacology and potential mechanism(s) of action of caffeine and creatine as they pertain to possible use as an ergogeni...

Psychology's impact as an ergogenic aid across sports and competitive levels has been well documented. In addition, exercise can play a major role in disease prevention and health enhancement while also enhancing psychological well-being. In addition to its preventive value, exercise is being recognized as a valuable therapeutic tool. Like most therapeutic modalities, however, exercise also has...