in this article, we estimate the vertical price transmission through the iranian rice marketing chain by usingmonthly data from march 2000 to february, 2009 and error correction model (ecm).the causality testresults indicate that changes in the producer price clearly led changes in wholesale and retail prices. inproducer-retail and wholesale-retail models, price transmission is asymmetric but i...

the purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic effects of some macroeconomic variables: money stock, gross domestic product, consumer price index and exchange rates on determining housing price index behavior in iran using the error correction model. using seasonal data, the model is estimated by johansen-juselius cointegration approach during 1990-2007. the results reveal that all variabl...

Quantum error-correcting codes have a distance parameter, conveying the minimum number of single spin errors that could cause error correction to fail. However, the success thresholds of the finite per-qubit error rate that have been proven for the likes of the toric code require them to work well beyond this limit. We argue that, without the assumption of being below the distance limit, the su...

The Laplace approximation is applied to measurement error models when the likelihood function involves high dimensional integrals. The cases considered are generalized linear models with multiple covariates measured with error and generalized linear mixed models with measurement error in the covariates. The asymptotic order of the approximation and the asymptotic properties of the Laplace-based...

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the present study is an attempt to explore any significant relationships between learners’ preferences for error correction, demotivation, and language proficiency (lp). one hundred iranian efl students, including both males and females, studying at the departments of foreign languages of shahid bahonar university of kerman and tehran university took part in this study. in order to obtain the r...