Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are two neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prominent executive dysfunction, which may be underpinned by disruption within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. We probed executive function in these disorders using a sustained attention task with a validated brain-behaviour basis. Twenty-three children with ADHD, 21 chi...

Title of Document: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR VEGETATION FIRE MONITORING IN THE AMAZON BASIN Wilfrid Schroeder, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Directed By: Professor Christopher O. Justice Department of Geography Biomass burning is a major environmental problem in Amazonia. Satellite fire detections represent the primary source of information for fire alert systems, decision makers, emissions...

Medication error (ME) is the most common preventable cause of adverse drug events which negatively affects patient safety. Inadequate, low-quality studies plus wide estimation variations in ME from developing countries including Iran, decreases the reliability of ME evaluations. To clarify sources, underreporting reasons and preventive measures of MEs, we reviewed Iran current available literat...

i A r r c a i Cognitive errors of omission and commission are unoubtedly the most common types of medical errors. There re 2 types of such errors: those due to a lack of knowledge nd those caused by the misuse, or the lack of use, of nowledge. The question is, can these mental activities be ealt with in such a manner that medical errors are diminshed? The answer is maybe. This being true, this ...

This article describes challenges in the design and development of a decision support system for trauma patient resuscitation that is used to encourage consistency and reduce error rates. The Trauma Reception and Resuscitation Project links real-time, computer-generated prompts from best practice algorithms via visual and auditory displays. Its functionality is now being tested. Evaluation of t...

(Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). Continous Performance Tests (CPTs) form a group of paradigms for the evaluation of attention and, to a lesser degree, the response inhibition (or disinhibition) component of executive control. The object of this study was to compare performance on a CPT using both visual and emotional tasks in 46 normal adult subjects. In particular, i...

Sustained attention is modulated by the neurotransmitter noradrenaline. The balance of dopamine and noradrenaline in the cortex is controlled by the DBH gene. The principal variant in this gene is a C/T change at position -1021, and the T allele at this locus is hypothesised to result in a slower rate of dopamine to noradrenaline conversion than the C allele. Two hundred participants who were g...

A multitarget visual cancellation test was administered to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched healthy controls (HC). Attentional loads--physical similarity (number of features shared by target and distractors; 3 levels) and density (number of items per page; 3 levels)--were varied systematically. As physical similarity increased, both groups slowed their search, but whereas ...

Consciousness alterations can be experienced during unstructured, monotonous stimuli. These effects have not been linked to particular cognitive operations; individual differences in response to such stimulation remain poorly understood. We examined the role of hypnotizability and dissociative tendencies in mind-wandering (MW) during a sensory homogenization procedure (ganzfeld). We expected th...