Background: Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in resistance against leishmaniasis. Leishmanin test (Montenegro skin test) is a method in evaluation of immune system reaction against cutaneous leishmaniasis. The TDR/WHO reference Leishmanin produced by the Pasteur Institute of Iran is used worldwide. Two other antigens produced by Razi Serum Institute of Iran, Killed Leishmani...

BACKGROUND Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi which is transmitted in Europe by the tick ixodes ricinus. Erythema migrans is a skin lesion which is pathognomonic of Lyme disease. A retrospective study was carried out to determine the geographical distribution of the occurrence of tick bites and erythema migrans in the Netherlands and to identify ecological risk factors. METHODS In...

OBJECTIVES Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-induced erythema (skin reddening) has been described as an adverse effect that can harm blinding integrity in sham-controlled designs. To tackle this issue, we investigated whether the use of topical pretreatments could decrease erythema and other adverse effects associated with tDCS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthy volunteers wer...

We report erythema induratum in a patient who was found to have active endometrial tuberculosis. This case report emphasizes the importance of an exhaustive search for active tuberculosis in patients with erythema induratum, especially in countries where tuberculosis is prevalent, as the indiscriminate treatment of erythema induratum with steroids may be harmful.

It is widely, though not universally, accepted that most cases of erythema nodosum in children are connected with tuberculous infection. The frequency of positive tuberculin reactions in children with erythema nodosum almost reaches one hundred per cent. Patients who do not react positively to tuberculin, even in high doses, are insignificant in number: in Dr. Wallgren's statistics here about t...

Erythema annulare centrifugum is a figurate erythema of unknown etiology. It has been associated with many different entities, including infections, food allergy, drug reactions and malignant neoplasms. Herein, we report a case of erythema annulare centrifugum as presenting sign of activation of breastcancer.