Partial epilepsy comprises simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized seizures, and covers more than 60% of patients with epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs are generally considered to be the major therapeutic intervention for epilepsy but, despite a broad range of commonly used antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% of adult patients and approximately 25% of chil...

This paper reports a case study investigating how the use of instant messaging (IM) mediated ESL students’ motives in their participation in computer-mediated peer response (CMPR) tasks in an ESL academic writing class. Qualitative data including interview transcripts, chat transcripts, on-and off-screen behaviors captured on video cameras and with a screen-capturing tool, researcher observatio...

The acronyms of ENL, ESL, and EFL have been around for long enough as names of certain varieties of English depending on their locale and related circumstances of use. In their expanded form, they are known as ' ', ' ', and ' '. Far from being hypothetical varieties of the language, the three have their distinctive traits that are measurable along sociolinguistic and linguistic clines. On both ...

Learning new sounds in a second language requires the acquisition of new motor routines and new sensorimotor planning systems needed to ensure coordination. Auditory feedback is an important part of the planning and control system required for fluent speech production. ESL vowel production was studied using a real-time formant perturbation technique to modify auditory feedback. Three groups of ...

This work examines the impact of crosslinguistic transfer on grammatical errors in English as Second Language (ESL) texts. Using a computational framework that formalizes the theory of Contrastive Analysis (CA), we demonstrate that language specific error distributions in ESL writing can be predicted from the typological properties of the native language and their relation to the typology of En...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of objective and subjective stress levels and perceived control on serum uric acid (SUA). Respondents were 2,504 male and 1,176 female manufacturing employees. Objective job-related stress was assessed by the Ergonomic Stress Level (ESL) inventory (S. Melamed, D. Yekutieli, P. Froom, E. Kristal-Boneh, & J. Ribak, 1999). As expected, ESL was pos...

It is, thus, not surprising that English education has gained more attention than ever and there also has been a growing amount of interest in learning English online. Although there are a good number of ESL/EFL E-learning websites available, many of them are poorly designed technologically and/or pedagogically. It is true that technology, such as human-computer interaction (HCI) and computer-m...

This paper reports on a case study that explored the effect of an English-as-Second Language (ESL) computer program at Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), South Africa. The case study explored participants’ perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding the ESL reading enhancement program, Reading ExcellenceTM. The study found that participants experienced the program in a positive light. The...

For many years, Electronic System Level (ESL) design and verification has been on the cusp of widespread adoption, but never seems to get there. Universities and companies claim to have the necessary breakthrough only to see the technology sit there for years or the company to hobble along without ever really becoming a success. Is this because ESL is failing to deliver on the promises or that ...

Several grammars have been proposed for representing RNA secondary structure including pseudoknots such as simple linear tree adjoining grammar (sl-tag), extended sl-tag (esl-tag) and RNA pseudoknot grammar (rpg). The main purpose of this paper is to compare the generative power of these grammars by identifying them as subclasses of multiple context-free grammars (mcfg). Specifically, it is sho...