In the literature, essence is formalized in two different ways, either de dicto, or de re. Following [11], we adopt its de dicto formalization: a formula is essential, if once it is true, it is necessarily true; otherwise, it is accidental. In this article, we study the model theory and axiomatization of the logic of essence and accident, i.e. the logic with essence operator (or accident operat...

For object-oriented programming, the Visitor pattern enables the deenition of a new operation on an object structure without changing the classes of the objects. The price has been that the set of classes must be xed in advance, and they must each have a so-called accept method. In this paper we demonstrate how to program visitors without relying on accept methods and without knowing all classe...

In this paper, we present a new transformation algorithm called distillationwhich can automatically transform higher-order functional programs into equivalent tail-recursive programs. Using this algorithm, it is possible to produce superlinear improvement in the runtime of programs. This represents a significant advance over the supercompilation algorithm, which can only produce a linear improv...

The traditional explanation of ATP coupling is based on the raising of the equilibrium constants of the biochemical reactions. But in the frames of the detailed balance, no coupling occurs under thermodynamic equilibrium. The role of ATP in coupling is not that it provides an increase in the equilibrium constants of thermodynamically unfavorable reactions but that the unfavorable reactions are ...

ibn sina speaks repeatedly of the distinction between the specific (khas) being and the positive (ijabi) being; a distinction on the basis of which is his distinction of being and essence. thence, the famous problem of the distinction of being and essence is applicable to this distinction too. the difficulty is this: if the specific being is 'being'? this is indeed a problem about ess...

Where ‘soul’ and ‘body’ are traditionally viewed (following Descartes) as two separate entities belonging to two different realities, today this is by no means the case. A large number of studies in the areas of psychopathology and orthopedagogy have already been carried out from which it seems clear that the inadequate actualization of either lived bodiliness [corporeality] or the psychic life...

An intrusion tolerant database uses damage assessment techniques to detect damage propagation scales in a corrupted database system. Traditional damage assessment approaches in a intrusion tolerant database system can only locate damages which are caused by reading corrupted data. In fact, there are many other damage spreading patterns that have not been considered in traditional damage assessm...

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We show that several constraint propagation algorithms (also called (local) consistency, consistency enforcing, Waltz, filtering or narrowing algorithms) are instances of algorithms that deal with chaotic iteration. To this end we propose a simple abstract framework that allows us to classify and compare these algorithms and to establish in a uniform way their basic properties. Note. This is a ...