Patients with early disruptions of binocularity show cortical directional asymmetries in their steady state monocular VEP response to oscillatory motion. The VEP directional asymmetry is characterized by significant first harmonic components that show a 180 degrees difference in the response phase between the two eyes. By contrast, the normal response is dominated by even-order response harmoni...

OBJECTIVE To examine the results of reversed fixation testing in patients who develop consecutive exotropia after surgery for infantile esotropia. METHODS The reversed fixation test was performed prospectively in 28 patients who developed consecutive exotropia after surgery for infantile esotropia. All patients were assessed for adduction weakness, latent nystagmus, dissociated vertical diver...

PURPOSE We examined whether congenital impairment of disparity vergence in infantile esotropia (ET) exists in children with short duration ET (≤3 months) compared with long-duration ET and healthy controls. A short duration of misalignment would allow for a substantial amount of balanced binocular input during the critical period of binocular disparity development. METHODS A total of 19 child...

Horizontal, smooth pursuit eye movements were recorded from adults and children with infantile and late-onset esotropia using a remote, video-based, eye-movement recording system. Each subject monocularly tracked a 0.5-degree target moving back and forth on a video monitor at a constant velocity of 10 degrees, over a range of 12 degrees. Each subject's nasal and temporal gain (eye velocity/targ...

BACKGROUND 214 orthoptists' infants have been followed for up to 15 years, relating neonatal misalignment (NMs) behaviour to onset of convergence and 20 Delta base out prism response, and also to later childhood ocular abnormalities. METHODS In a prospective postal survey, orthoptist mothers observed their own infants during the first months of life and regularly reported ocular behaviour and...

PURPOSE To compare bimedial rectus muscle recession (BMRR; 7-8 mm) and bimedial rectus muscle elongation (BMRE; 6.5-9 mm) for the surgical treatment of large-angle infantile esotropia (ET; ≥70 prism diopters [PD]). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with large-angle infantile ET were divided into 2 groups; group A (n=12) underwent BMRR and group B (n=12) underwent BMRE. All patients re...