In their article, entitled “Towards a new crown indicator: some theoretical considerations,” Waltman et al. (2010) show that the “old crown indicator” of CWTS in Leiden was mathematically inconsistent and that one should move to the normalization as applied in the “new crown indicator.” Although we now agree about the statistical normalization (Opthof & Leydesdorff, 2010; Van Raan et al., 2010)...

This paper presents some aspects related to the issues of aggregating economic indicators. Departing from the research of Gh. Paun (1983) we will prove a theorem which states that under certain, natural assumptions, it is impossible to obtain an optimum aggregation. Unlike the original work of Paun, in this paper we are giving a rather simple proof of this theorem.

The validity of the Michaelis-Menten-Briggs-Haldane approximation for single enzyme reactions has recently been improved by the formalism of the total quasi-steady-state approximation. This approach is here extended to fully competitive systems, and a criterion for its validity is provided. We show that it extends the Michaelis-Menten-Briggs-Haldane approximation for such systems for a wide ran...

In December 2003, seventeen years after the first UK research assessment exercise, Italy started up its first-ever national research evaluation, with the aim to evaluate, using the peer review method, the excellence of the national research production. The evaluation involved 20 disciplinary areas, 102 research structures, 18,500 research products and 6,661 peer reviewers (1,465 from abroad); i...

Ameisen: Die heimliche Weltmacht (Ants: Nature's Secret Power) is a nature documentary about ants. Wolfgang Thaler wrote, filmed, and directed the film, which focuses on the work of ant researcher Bert Hölldobler. The 2004 film was produced by Adi Mayer Film for Österreichischer Rundfunk (Austrian Broadcasting), a public service broadcaster headquartered in Vienna, Austria. Ants: Nature's Secre...

Textbooks are essential components in the learning process. They assist achieving educational outcomes and developing social cultural values. However, limited studies provide comprehensive frameworks for comparing textbooks. Most have focused on a specific textbook perspective within particular discipline. Therefore, this study used triangulation method to develop framework comparison. Through ...

Environmental policies employ metaphoric objectives such as ecosystem health, resilience and sustainable provision of ecosystem services, which influence corresponding sustainability assessments by means of normative settings such as assumptions on system description, indicator selection, aggregation of information and target setting. A heuristic approach is developed for sustainability assessm...

By introducing the theory of system safety science, and applying the gray theory prediction method, this paper aims at analysing the major hazards of spontaneous combustion of coal, and divided the impact indicators system into three categories, namely; static indicator, dynamic indicator, and intensive monitoring indicator. The static class indicator determined the hazard class by using risk e...

This paper explores the relationship between author-level bibliometric indicators and the researchers they “measure”, exemplified across five academic seniorities and four academic domains. Using cluster methodology, the disciplinary and seniority appropriateness of author-level indicators is examined. Publication and citation data for 741 researchers across Astronomy, Environmental Science, Ph...

saffron essential oil has a pleasant aroma and medicinal activities. however, it is sensible into the environmental condition. therefore, it should be protected against unwanted changes during storage or processing. encapsulation is introduced as a process by which liable materials are protected from unwanted changes. in the present study, different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0...