OBJECTIVE To determine the relative validity of a 3 d estimated food record (EFR) used to assess energy and nutrient intakes in toddlers, using a 3 d weighed food record (WDR) as the reference method. DESIGN Parents reported the food and beverage intakes of their children using an EFR concurrently with a WDR over three consecutive days. Estimation of mean differences, Spearman correlation coe...

The purpose of this study was to assess the health risk associated with dietary intake of sulfites for Taiwanese general consumers by conducting a total diet study (TDS). We evaluated the exposure of Taiwanese to sulfites in the diet and its associated health risk. This study used a list of 128 food items representing 83% of the total daily diet. Among the 128 food items, 59 items may contain s...

Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and are used as antimicrobial preservatives in a range of consumer products, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs. Despite their widespread use, prior to this study, paraben concentrations in foodstuffs from China and human dietary exposure to these chemicals have been unknown. In this study, concentrations of six parabens were ...

The nature of both indoor air exposures and noncancer end points present significant issues for risk characterization. Noncancer end points are multidimensional, affecting various organs, and are assumed to have thresholds. Symptoms also vary in severity within a population. In addition to the complexity of noncancer risk assessment, indoor air exposures are typified by the presence of complex ...

Introduction: It is estimated that by 2020, non communicable diseases will account for approximately twothird of all diseases that are often related to life style and nutrition. This study was conducted to assess Food pattern and anthropometric indices of students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 375 students (225 females, 150 males) with mean ag...

Milk would be contaminated with Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) if it was obtained from lactating animal which fed with feedstuffs containing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). AFM1 is classified as group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans and exposure to AFM1 through milk consumption is a public concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the AFM1 exposure through liquid milk consumption for adult consumers in...

Milk would be contaminated with Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) if it was obtained from lactating animal which fed with feedstuffs containing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). AFM1 is classified as group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans and exposure to AFM1 through milk consumption is a public concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the AFM1 exposure through liquid milk consumption for adult consumers in...

Egypt has several beaches, as well the Nile River and a few lakes; therefore, it could compensate for lack of protein in red meat with fish. Fish, however, may become source heavy metal exposure humans. The current study was to assess level five toxic metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), six species, namely, Oreochromis niloticus ( O. ) , Mugil cephalus M....

Methods Patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation due to sepsis, ARDS, or severe acute brain injury were enrolled within 24 hours of intubation. Airway pressure, flow, crural diaphragm EMG activity (Edi) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) were recorded for 5 minutes of every hour for up to 7 days. To assess for changes in diaphragm function, neuromechanical efficiency (NME ratio of ...