this paper considers the automatic design of fuzzy rule-basedclassification systems based on labeled data. the classification performance andinterpretability are of major importance in these systems. in this paper, weutilize the distribution of training patterns in decision subspace of each fuzzyrule to improve its initially assigned certainty grade (i.e. rule weight). ourapproach uses a punish...

The “sufficient writing” requirements of the Statute Frauds were formulated with bargain-based contracts in mind. It is often difficult if not impossible for persons to meet those reliance-based contracts, since this would require them produce a writing signed by promisor that only sufficiently evidenced promise, but also provided sufficient evidence other elements such contracts: foreseeabilit...

my paper has two parts. first, i talk about the golden rule. after introducing the rule and its global importance, i explain why many scholars dismiss it as a vague proverb that leads to absurdities when we try to formulate it clearly. i defend the golden rule against such objections. second, i talk about the golden rule in persia and islam; i consider persian sources (muslim and non-muslim) an...