This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and cognition". Estradiol (E2) is locally synthesized within the hippocampus and the gonads. Rapid modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by E2 is essential for synaptic regulation. The molecular mechanisms of modulation through the synaptic estrogen receptor (ER) and its downstream signaling, however, are largely unknown in the dentate ...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol (e2), oxytocin (ot), relaxin (relaximol) injection and prostaglandin e1 (misoprostol) suppository on the cervix dilation, time of cervical dilation persistency and pregnancy rate of zandi ewes using artificial insemination. eighty 3-4 years old and 55±2.5 kg weight ewes were used for this study. in experiment 1, the ewes were assigne...

The mussel Aulacomya ater was exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) (0, 1, 100 μg L-1) for 21 days with 4 sampling periods to evaluate how these organisms deal with exogenous estrogenic compounds. In addition, 2 concentrations of 17β-estradiol (0.5, 1 mmol) were injected into the abductor muscle of 5 individuals. The effects of E2 were determined by measuring the vitellogenin (Vg) levels with an alkali...

Two distinct populations of cerebral cortical progenitor cells that generate neurons during embryogenesis have been identified: radial glial cells and intermediate progenitor cells. Despite advances in our understanding of progenitor cell populations, we know relatively little about factors that regulate their proliferative behaviour. 17-beta-Estradiol (E2) is present in the adult and developin...

Estrogen promotes cutaneous wound healing in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. However, the effects of topical estrogen application on wounds remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of topical estrogen application on wounds with standard treatment methods. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice underwent OVX and received two full-thickness wounds four weeks late...

The aim of this study was to investigate the unknown effects 17β-estradiol (E2) on ureteral contractility and receptor mechanisms involved. By utilising isolated porcine distal strips, we observed that E2 (30–300 μM) a G protein-coupled estrogen specific agonist G-1 (30 both increased frequency phasic contractions ureter (P<0.05). also decreased maximum amplitude these antagonist G-36 (10 rever...

Abstract Background and Aims The objective of this study was to observe the changes in activity antioxidant enzymes, hepatic glucose homeostasis, lipogenic enzymes lipid metabolism, serum profile liver function occurring livers female rats 3, 12 24 months age groups, see whether these are restored 3 control levels after exogenous administration steroid hormone estrogens (17-β-estradiol, E2). Me...

results the results indicated that ghrelin significantly decreased thyroid hormone concentrations, whereas estradiol increased these concentrations. the simultaneous injection of ghrelin and estradiol significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on thyroid hormone concentrations (p < 0.05). conclusions according to the results of this study, both ghrelin and estradiol affect the con...

Concentrations of estradiol (E2) are high in the urine of male marmosets, and links between E2 and paternal behavior have been proposed in black tufted-ear marmosets, Callithrix kuhlii. However, it is not clear whether urinary E2 in male marmosets: 1) represents production of E2 associated with testicular activity, 2) is associated with adrenal steroid production, or 3) merely reflects peripher...

BACKGROUND We evaluated whether menstrual cycle phase influences the assessment of tubal patency by hysterosalpingography (HSG) in baboons. METHODS Retrospective analysis of baseline tubal patency studies and serum estradiol (E2 ) and progesterone (P4) values obtained from female baboons used as models for development of non-surgical permanent contraception in women. The main outcome measure ...