P. M. Haygarth,1* G. S. Bilotta,1,2 R. Bol,1 R. E. Brazier,2 P. J. Butler,1 J. Freer,3 L. J. Gimbert,4 S. J. Granger,1 T. Krueger,3 C. J. A. Macleod,1 P. Naden,5 G. Old,5 J. N. Quinton,3 B. Smith5 and P. Worsfold4 1 Cross Institute Programme for Sustainable Soil Function (SoilCIP), Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB...

In the United Kingdom the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) has statutory responsibility for regulating practice in the areas of assisted procreation and research on human embryos. As such it has an almost unique responsibility in the United Kingdom for ethical review of both clinical research and practice in a given field. It is therefore interesting to ask whether it has a u...

M. A. Sutton, E. Nemitz, C. Milford, C. Campbell, J. W. Erisman, A. Hensen, P. Cellier, M. David, B. Loubet, E. Personne, J. K. Schjoerring, M. Mattsson, J. R. Dorsey, M. W. Gallagher, L. Horvath, T. Weidinger, R. Meszaros, U. Dämmgen, A. Neftel, B. Herrmann, B. E. Lehman***†, C. Flechard, and J. Burkhardt Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (Edinburgh Research Station) (CEH), Bush Estate, Penicui...

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BACKGROUND Commentators have expressed concern regarding the existence of proper ethics review systems in developing countries. Our aim is to explore the extent with which investigators from countries in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) Region consider several ethical practices in the conduct of their research. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Investigators from 12 countries in the EM region subm...

PURPOSE Independent ethical review committees safeguard participants in human research. The purpose of this study was to describe the current ethical guidelines for human research requirements in the Instructions to Authors of the English language medical journals previously studied in 1995. METHODS The instructions to authors of English language medicine journals from the Abridged Index Medi...

Truth commissions and commissions of inquiry are not new for Indigenous Peoples. In Guatemala, Peru, Australia, Chile, and Canada, Indigenous Peoples have been consulted, given statements, read reports, and more. Yet the larger question for Indigenous Peoples must be: how can a truth commission advance their longer-term vision of self-determination and full exercise of their political rights? C...

We analyse the system of ethical review of human research in the Baltic States by introducing the principle of equivalent stringency of ethical review, that is, research projects imposing equal risks and inconveniences on research participants should be subjected to equally stringent review procedures. We examine several examples of non-equivalence or asymmetry in the system of ethical review o...

E. Nemitz, M. A. Sutton, G. P. Wyers, R. P. Otjes, M. G. Mennen, E. M. van Putten, and M. W. Gallagher Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Postbus 1, 1755 Petten ZG, The Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment ...

AIM This paper is a report of a study to explore nurses' responses to ethical dilemmas in daily nursing practice. BACKGROUND Concern about nurses' ethical competence is growing. Most nurses perceived that there were barriers in their work environment to ethical practice, compromising their ability to perform ethically. Since most research focuses on contextual barriers to nurses' ethical prac...