The relative efficacy of different strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R) has not yet been systematically studied. Clinical trials were searched in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI databases up to February 15, 2016. Nine trials including 764 patients met the entry criteria. In direct meta-analysis, TDF showed a stronger antiviral effect than any on...

IntroductionHydrocephalus is one of the commonest complications of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has evolved as an alternative to shunt surgeries for obstructive hydrocephalus in TBM. It offers the opportunity to keep the patient free of foreign material and its associated complications. MethodsA retrospective study was carried out from July 2014 to June 2...

During the past decade, management of drug resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has been a major issue. A series of new antiviral agents has been developed, which provided new treatment options as well as new resistance issues. Hence, to avoid multidrug resistance, combination of antiviral agents without cross resistance has been recommended. However, combination of the less potent drug did not ...

AIM To evaluate the incidence of anatomical variations and abnormalities of the third ventricle floor encountered during the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) procedure in myelomeningocele-associated hydrocephalus (MAH) cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 455 pediatric MAH cases that had been treated with ETV. This case series consisted of the patients w...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is the treatment of choice for obstructive hydrocephalus, but the outcome is still controversial in terms of age and aetiology. METHODS Between 1998 and 2011, 168 consecutive procedures were performed in 164 patients, primarily children (56%<18 years of age and 35%<2 years of age). The causes of obstructive hydrocephalus included tumoural path...

PURPOSE This study examined 2-year outcome of consecutive therapy using entecavir (ETV) followed by telbivudine (LdT) in subjects with undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level and normal alanine aminotransferase level after the initial 6 months of ETV treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty subjects were randomized to continue with ETV or switch to LdT. Significant difference in baseline...

BACKGROUND & AIMS We compared the mortality and treatment response between lamivudine (LAM) and entecavir (ETV) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with severe acute exacerbation and hepatic decompensation. METHODS From 2003 to 2010 (the LAM group) and 2008 to 2010 (the ETV group), 215 and 107 consecutive CHB naïve patients with severe acute exacerbation and hepatic decompensation treated w...

SUMMARY The Evolutionary Trace Viewer (ETV) provides a one-stop environment in which to run, visualize and interpret Evolutionary Trace (ET) predictions of functional sites in protein structures. ETV is implemented using Java to run across different operating systems using Java Web Start technology. AVAILABILITY The ETV is available for download from our website at http://mammoth.bcm.tmc.edu/...

BACKGROUND There have been limited studies directly comparing the long-term efficacy between entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). This study was aimed to compare the long-term efficacy between them in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS Out of 345 CHB patients who received first line therapy with ETV (n = 200) or TDF (n = 145) in a cohort, 210 patients were ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Spontaneous acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occasionally occurs in its natural history, sometimes leading rapidly to fatal hepatic failure. We compared the effects of lamivudine (LAM) with those of entecavir (ETV) treatments in acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B with 500 IU/L or higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. METHODS Thirty...