The hydrological model WASA (Model of Water Availability in Semi-Arid Environments) has been developed as a deterministic, spatially distributed model, consisting of conceptual, process-based approaches, to quantify water availability in large semi-arid regions. Water availability can be calculated with a daily resolution and on different spatial levels. The model has been applied by Güntner (2...

Measurements of evaporation were made from July to November 1999 using the eddy correlation method on two wetland types – wet grassland and reedbeds – in south west England. The evaporative water use of a reed bed exceeded that of the grassland wetland by 15% (or 50mm over the 5 months). The evaporation rates at both sites exceed of the Penman Potential Evaporation estimates calculated for this...

Urbanization is a global process that has taken billions of people from the rural countryside to concentrated urban centers, adding pressure to existing water resources. Many cities are specifically reliant on renewable freshwater regularly refilled by precipitation, rather than fossil groundwater or desalination. A precipitationshed can be considered the "watershed of the sky" and identifies t...

Management of available water resources needs good planning and to do this, prognostication hydrological parameters (parameters the cycle such as rainfall, runoff, solar radiation, groundwater, evaporation/evapotranspiration) [...]

Enhanced production of unconventional hydrocarbons in the United States has driven interest in natural gas development globally, but simultaneously raised concerns regarding water quantity and quality impacts associated with hydrocarbon extraction. We conducted a pre-development assessment of groundwater geochemistry in the critically water-restricted Karoo Basin, South Africa. Twenty-two sprin...

introduction suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes depends upon its quality. changes in groundwater quality are due to variation in climatic conditions, residence time of water with aquifer materials and inputs from soil during percolation of water. multivariate statistical methods are one of the common and important methods for hydro geochemistry study. sa...

Abstract A large tank (1.4 m x 4.0 1.3 m) filled with medium-coarse sand was employed to measure evaporation rates from shallow groundwater at controlled laboratory conditions, determine drivers and mechanisms. To monitor the level drawdown 12 piezometers were installed in a semi regular grid equipped high precision water level, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) probes. In each piezomet...

Increased nitrate concentration is one of the main groundwater quality problems today that needs to be measured and monitored. Water testing monitoring are time consuming costly. Therefore, new modeling methods such as machine learning algorithms can used an efficient solution for predicting concentration. In this study, three including deep neural network (DNN), extreme gradient boosting (EGB)...