The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect real exchange rate volatility for Pakistan through the co-integration and error correction model over a 30-year time period, i.e. between 1980 and 2010. The study employed the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Vector Error Correction model...

in this paper, the value of exchange rate was calculated in order to determine comparative advantage in crops of sari township during 2009-2010. hence, first, comparative advantage indices are estimated by using a policy analysis matrix. the results showed that just wheat has a drc index of one in the minimum amount of national currency exchange rate value. this indicated the fact that only whe...

The paper investigates the relationship between the stock market and the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve in the last twenty years. To this purpose we construct an Index of Stock Price Misalignment in which the fundamental value of the stocks is computed on the basis of the discounted cash flow approach and we then include this index, among the regressors, into a forward looking Taylor ru...

Misalignment of repeated sequences during DNA replication can lead to deletions or duplications in genomic DNA. In Escherichia coli, such genetic rearrangements can occur at high frequencies, independent of the RecA-homologous recombination protein, and are sometimes associated with sister chromosome exchange (SCE). Two mechanisms for RecA-independent genetic rearrangements have been proposed: ...

abstract according to the importance of date export in iran, this study investigates short run and long run relationship between date export and important economical variable, specifically exchange rate. for this purpose, an autoregressive distributed lag approach (ardl) to cointegration is applied to annually time-series data from 1981 to 2007. results showed that the exchange rate, export pri...