The action of visual experience on visual cortical circuits is maximal during a critical period of postnatal development. The long-term effects of this experience are likely mediated by signaling cascades regulating experience-dependent gene transcription. Developmental modifications of these pathways could explain the difference in plasticity between the young and adult cortex. We studied the ...

It is well established that sensory cortices of animals can be modified by sensory experience, especially during a brief early critical period in development. Theoretical analyses indicate that there are two synaptic plasticity mechanisms required: input-specific synaptic modifications and global homeostatic mechanisms to provide stability to neural networks. Experience-dependent homeostatic sy...

The developmental increase in the strength of inhibitory synaptic circuits defines the time window of the critical period for plasticity in sensory cortices. Conceptually, plasticity of inhibitory synapses is an attractive mechanism to allow for homeostatic adaptation to the sensory environment. However, a brief duration of visual deprivation that causes maximal change in excitatory synapses pr...

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are extensively involved in cortical cognition and learning-induced or experience-dependent cortical plasticity. The most abundant muscarinic receptor subtype in the cerebral cortex is the M1 receptor, but little is known about its contribution to experience-dependent plasticity of the adult auditory cortex. We have examined the role of the M1 receptor in expe...

The maturation of inhibitory transmission through γaminobutyric acid (GABA) is required to induce ocular dominance (OD) plasticity in the visual cortex. However, only circuits that are mediated by specific GABAA receptors can selectively elicit OD plasticity, implying a role of local circuits involved in GABA inhibition in this process. In this study, in order to theoretically examine the effec...